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mod 9 quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how are living organisms classified?

A

taxonomy; taxons = levels of taxonomy

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2
Q

what are all the levels of taxonomy?

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • genus
  • species
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3
Q

are viruses living or nonliving?

A

nonliving; can’t reproduce on their own

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4
Q

how do bacteria eat, move, and reproduce?

A
  • eat = engulf, absorb, photosynthesis reproduction
  • move = flagella (some bacteria)
  • reproduce = asexual reproduction
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5
Q

how do bacteria affect humans?

A

build immune system, can benefit or be harmful

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6
Q

what shapes do bacteria come in?

A

spiral, rod, and circular

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7
Q

what are endospores?

A
  • produced by some bacteria
  • sometimes harmful
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8
Q

how do viruses affect living organisms?

A
  • make you sick
  • super harmful
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9
Q

why are scientific names important?

A
  • have complex names
  • 1.5 million species and counting
  • so that everyone is talking about the same thing even if they don’t speak the same language
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10
Q

what are archaea?

A

special bacteria

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11
Q

list info about biological classification

A
  • Carolus Linnaeus was known as the “father of modern taxonomy” and was also a creationist
  • latin is a good language for scientific names because its “dead”, meaning it won’t change the way spoken languages do
  • taxons include “sub” levels, division, tribes, and subtribes
  • biologists call phyla “divisions”
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12
Q

what are the six kingdoms?

A
  • animalia
  • plantae
  • fungi
  • protista
  • bacteria
  • archaea
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13
Q

what is a glyco-protein?

A

protein that has a sugar attached to it

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14
Q

what is special about archaebacteria?

A

lack a glycoprotein that other bacteria have and aren’t affected by antibiotics

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15
Q

what are eubacteria?

A

cells that have a true nucleus

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16
Q

what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

A
  • animalia
  • plantae
  • fungi
  • protista
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17
Q

what is baraminology?

A
  • a creationist classification scheme
  • worldview argument
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18
Q

identify the kingdom Protista

A
  • contains single-celled eukaryotes (amoebas, paramecia, and algae)
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19
Q

what is the majority of life on earth?

A
  • domain archaea
  • domain bacteria
  • kingdom protista
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20
Q

how many phyla exist?

A

about 100

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21
Q

what is another word for a biological key?

A

dichotomous key

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22
Q

T or F: you have 10x as many bacteria living in you and on you as you have human cells

A

true

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23
Q

how much percent of bacteria make up your mass and how many species?

A

1-3% and about 10,000 species

24
Q

what are bacteria that are required to keep you healthy called?

A

probiotics

25
Q

where do archaea bacteria live?

A

extreme conditions

26
Q

where do eubacteria live?

A

in and on you, surfaces, etc.

27
Q

where else can bacteria live?

A
  • specs of dust
  • survive nuclear reactors
28
Q

T or F: bacteria are immune to effects of radiation

A

true

29
Q

what are introns?

A
  • catalyst that helps put RNA together
  • discarded from DNA methane
30
Q

describe archaea

A
  • different polymerase than bacteria
  • can have introns
  • difficult too study because they require extreme conditions to live
31
Q

what are the types of archaea?

A
  • methanogens
  • halophiles
  • thermophiles
32
Q

what does phile mean?

A

to love

33
Q

describe methanogens

A
  • live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen present)
  • obtain energy from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and make methane
34
Q

describe halophiles

A

salt-lovers, like the Great Salt Lake

35
Q

describe thermophiles

A

heat-lovers, like hot springs and hydrothermal vents

36
Q

how do you identify bacteria?

A

based on cell shape, cell wall structure, and method of movement

37
Q

what are the shapes of bacteria?

A

rods, spirals, spheres

38
Q

what color do gram negative bacteria show after gram staining?

A

red-pink because they have less glycoprotein in their cell walls

39
Q

what color do gram positive bacteria show after gram staining?

A

blue-purple because they have more glycoprotein in their cell walls

40
Q

how do gram positive and gram negative bacteria help doctors?

A

helps doctors decide which antibiotic to prescribe if someone is infected with a pathogenic bacteria

41
Q

list the movement of bacteria

A
  • only some bacteria move
  • some secrete slimy threads they travel on
  • some use flagellum (tail)
  • prokaryotic bacteria rotate like a propeller
  • eukaryotic bacteria move back and forth
  • chemical reactions make them go since there aren’t any nerves (scientists still don’t know how this works)
42
Q

what are autotrophs?

A

self feeders

43
Q

what are photoautotrophs?

A

photosynthesize to make their own food; no chloroplasts, just chlorophyll

44
Q

what are chemoautotrophs?

A

use chemicals to make their food

45
Q

what are heterotrophs?

A

feed off others

46
Q

what are saprophytes?

A

organisms that feed on dead matter

47
Q

T or F: there are some parasitic bacteria

A

true

48
Q

T or F: photoautotrphs can do photosynthesis and eat carbohydrates that they need to replace carbon dioxide

A

true

49
Q

what are obligate aerobes?

A

require oxygen

50
Q

what are obligate anaerobes?

A

require a lack of oxygen

51
Q

what are facultative anaerobes?

A

can switch back and forth between aerobic and anaerobic conditions

52
Q

what are the conditions for bacterial growth?

A
  • moisture
  • moderate temp (80-100F)
  • nutrition
  • darkness
  • correct oxygen level
53
Q

what two kinds of bacteria can survive periods of dryness?

A

capsules and endospores

54
Q

what happens if photosynthetic bacteria are in the dark?

A

they die

55
Q

what happens if its too cold/too hot for bacteria?

A

too cold = bacteria slow down
too hot = bacteria die

56
Q

why does food spoil?

A

bacteria compete with you for the food

bio (1 decks)

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