mod 9 quiz 1 Flashcards
how are living organisms classified?
taxonomy; taxons = levels of taxonomy
what are all the levels of taxonomy?
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- genus
- species
are viruses living or nonliving?
nonliving; can’t reproduce on their own
how do bacteria eat, move, and reproduce?
- eat = engulf, absorb, photosynthesis reproduction
- move = flagella (some bacteria)
- reproduce = asexual reproduction
how do bacteria affect humans?
build immune system, can benefit or be harmful
what shapes do bacteria come in?
spiral, rod, and circular
what are endospores?
- produced by some bacteria
- sometimes harmful
how do viruses affect living organisms?
- make you sick
- super harmful
why are scientific names important?
- have complex names
- 1.5 million species and counting
- so that everyone is talking about the same thing even if they don’t speak the same language
what are archaea?
special bacteria
list info about biological classification
- Carolus Linnaeus was known as the “father of modern taxonomy” and was also a creationist
- latin is a good language for scientific names because its “dead”, meaning it won’t change the way spoken languages do
- taxons include “sub” levels, division, tribes, and subtribes
- biologists call phyla “divisions”
what are the six kingdoms?
- animalia
- plantae
- fungi
- protista
- bacteria
- archaea
what is a glyco-protein?
protein that has a sugar attached to it
what is special about archaebacteria?
lack a glycoprotein that other bacteria have and aren’t affected by antibiotics
what are eubacteria?
cells that have a true nucleus
what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
- animalia
- plantae
- fungi
- protista
what is baraminology?
- a creationist classification scheme
- worldview argument
identify the kingdom Protista
- contains single-celled eukaryotes (amoebas, paramecia, and algae)
what is the majority of life on earth?
- domain archaea
- domain bacteria
- kingdom protista
how many phyla exist?
about 100
what is another word for a biological key?
dichotomous key
T or F: you have 10x as many bacteria living in you and on you as you have human cells
true
how much percent of bacteria make up your mass and how many species?
1-3% and about 10,000 species
what are bacteria that are required to keep you healthy called?
probiotics
where do archaea bacteria live?
extreme conditions
where do eubacteria live?
in and on you, surfaces, etc.
where else can bacteria live?
- specs of dust
- survive nuclear reactors
T or F: bacteria are immune to effects of radiation
true
what are introns?
- catalyst that helps put RNA together
- discarded from DNA methane
describe archaea
- different polymerase than bacteria
- can have introns
- difficult too study because they require extreme conditions to live
what are the types of archaea?
- methanogens
- halophiles
- thermophiles
what does phile mean?
to love
describe methanogens
- live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen present)
- obtain energy from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and make methane
describe halophiles
salt-lovers, like the Great Salt Lake
describe thermophiles
heat-lovers, like hot springs and hydrothermal vents
how do you identify bacteria?
based on cell shape, cell wall structure, and method of movement
what are the shapes of bacteria?
rods, spirals, spheres
what color do gram negative bacteria show after gram staining?
red-pink because they have less glycoprotein in their cell walls
what color do gram positive bacteria show after gram staining?
blue-purple because they have more glycoprotein in their cell walls
how do gram positive and gram negative bacteria help doctors?
helps doctors decide which antibiotic to prescribe if someone is infected with a pathogenic bacteria
list the movement of bacteria
- only some bacteria move
- some secrete slimy threads they travel on
- some use flagellum (tail)
- prokaryotic bacteria rotate like a propeller
- eukaryotic bacteria move back and forth
- chemical reactions make them go since there aren’t any nerves (scientists still don’t know how this works)
what are autotrophs?
self feeders
what are photoautotrophs?
photosynthesize to make their own food; no chloroplasts, just chlorophyll
what are chemoautotrophs?
use chemicals to make their food
what are heterotrophs?
feed off others
what are saprophytes?
organisms that feed on dead matter
T or F: there are some parasitic bacteria
true
T or F: photoautotrphs can do photosynthesis and eat carbohydrates that they need to replace carbon dioxide
true
what are obligate aerobes?
require oxygen
what are obligate anaerobes?
require a lack of oxygen
what are facultative anaerobes?
can switch back and forth between aerobic and anaerobic conditions
what are the conditions for bacterial growth?
- moisture
- moderate temp (80-100F)
- nutrition
- darkness
- correct oxygen level
what two kinds of bacteria can survive periods of dryness?
capsules and endospores
what happens if photosynthetic bacteria are in the dark?
they die
what happens if its too cold/too hot for bacteria?
too cold = bacteria slow down
too hot = bacteria die
why does food spoil?
bacteria compete with you for the food
