Mod. 8

Question 1

the forces that energize & direct behavior

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

we behave the way we do because of the instincts we are born with

Answer 2

instinct theory

Question 3

needs push/drive you to behave in certain ways

Answer 3

drive (push) theory

Question 4

external stimuli regulate motivational states

Answer 4

incentive (pull) theory

Question 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (bottom - top)

Answer 5

physiological, safety & security, love, esteem, self actualization)

Question 6

brings on hunger

Answer 6

lateral hypothalamus

Question 7

stops/depresses hunger

Answer 7

ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 8

need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others & to meet high standards of excellence

Answer 8

achievement motive

Question 9

we engage in the behavior because of the behavior itself

Answer 9

intrinsic motivation (internal)

Question 10

motivated to perform behavior because we wanted to get rewarded or avoid punishment

Answer 10

extrinsic motivation (external)

Question 11

how we think about the emotion we are experiencing

Answer 11

cognitive (component of emotion)

Question 12

when deciding whether or not we are happy we compare ourselves to others

Answer 12

social comparison (relative deprivation)

Question 13

when you judge your happiness based on your past experiences/behaviors

Answer 13

adaptation levels

Question 14

arousal that also accompanies emotions

Answer 14

physiological (component of emotion)

Question 15

outward behaviors that accompany emotions (non-verbal behavior)

Answer 15

behavioral (components of emotion)

Question 16

Ekman & Friesen’s study of emotion

Answer 16

studied if different facial expressions are universal (conclusion: yes)

Question 18

a certain physiological response leads to emotion.
stimulus (big dog) –> automatic arousal –> fear –> “I feel afraid because I tremble”

Answer 18

James-Lange Theory

Question 19

are labels of the emotion & physiological reaction that occurs at the same time.
stimulus (big dog) –> fear & automatic arousal –> “the dog makes me tremble & feel afraid”

Answer 19

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 20

we look around our environment to label emotions we are experiencing.
stimulus (big dog) –> arousal & environment –> fear

Answer 20

Schacter’s Theory

Question 21

Facial-Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 21

the idea that facial expressions influence a person’s emotional state