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RF > Mod 8 > Flashcards

Mod 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of Rubidium over Cesium

A

Lower cost, more compact, and more power efficient

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2
Q

Least accurate oscillator

A

Quartz

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3
Q

4 types of synchronization

A

Plesiochronous, mutual, master clock. master slave

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4
Q

Does not require synchronization, highly stable clock at each station

A

Plesiochronous

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5
Q

Requires all nodes to have their own clocks, but not as precise

A

Mutual

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6
Q

Average clock data is collected so all stations can operate off the same frequency

A

Mutual

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7
Q

Requires one node to be the master station

A

Master Clock

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8
Q

A small network can benefit from this sync method, does not scale well

A

Master Clock

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9
Q

This sync method has a single point of failure

A

Master Clock

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10
Q

Most reliable and robust synchronization, domino effect

A

Master-Slave

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11
Q

One node is the master station

A

Master Clock

Master Slave

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12
Q

Stable timing and synchronization are necessary for successful..

A

Multiplexing

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13
Q

The key to multiplexing is

A

Having more transmitting bandwidth than the total amount needed

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14
Q

2 types of multiplexing

A

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Time Division Multiplexing

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15
Q

Multiplexing technique uses modulation to create analog signals for each user

A

Frequency Division Multiplexing

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16
Q

In FDM, each distant end receiver has what kind of filter

A

Band Pass

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17
Q

Type of multiplexing used in telephone systems, LOS, and troposcatter

A

Frequency Division Multiplexing

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18
Q

Multiplexing method considered the round robin use of a frequency

A

Time Division Multiplexing

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19
Q

Subdivides the intelligence across a bandwidth, interleaves the smaller portion together when all transmitted

A

Time Division Multiplexing

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20
Q

In TDM, each bit of sampled intelligence is separated by..

A

Short period of time

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21
Q

In TDM, how can the original signal from the transmitter be received and understood

A

Multiplexer and de-multiplexer are synchronized, and individual samples are recombined quickly enough

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22
Q

Demultiplexing

A

The distant end multiplexer receives an aggregate signal and de-multiplexes all individual signals

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23
Q

Must be managed properly to prevent a delay or loss of data

A

Bandwidth

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24
Q

4 types of bandwidth allocations

A

Conventional

Demand assigned

Dynamic

Time of day restriction

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25
Q

Conventional

A

Fixed amount of bandwidth

Most predictable, least efficient

Inactive channels = wasted bandwidth

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26
Q

Demand Assigned

A

Individual bandwidth needs of the user, as needed basis

inactive channels = bandwidth for next user ( may not be enough, slow)

Example: Internet

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27
Q

Dynamic

A

Combined data rates exceeds total bandwidth

Only a problem if all users go online at the same time

Example: circuit breaker

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28
Q

What affects overall bandwidth

A

Protocols, transmission media, cables and connectors

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29
Q

EIA

A

Electronics Industries Association

Determine how computers communicate with each other

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30
Q

If the data travels beyond the minimum distance set by EIA, they will require a _________

A

Modem

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31
Q

Maintain integrity of the transmitted data by converting it to analog before transmission to prevent signal deterioration

A

Modem

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32
Q

Oldest EIA standard for serial com

A

EIA-232C

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33
Q

The military equivalent of EIA-232C

A

Military Standard 188C

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34
Q

Was created along side the EIA-232 standard, computer or user nodes on both sides of network

A

DTE

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35
Q

Created alongside the EIA-232, the modem on both sides of the network

A

DCE

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36
Q

DCE

A

Connects two DTE devices together using serial cables

Examples: CSU, DSU

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37
Q

EIA-530

A

Developed in response to the disadvantages of the EIA-449

25 pin D-type connector

eliminates slower data rates, shorter distances of EIA-232

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38
Q

Twisted pair

A

Balanced transmission

categorized by amount of data they transmit, categories ranges from
1-8

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39
Q

Coaxial Cable

A

Unbalanced Transmission

supports baseband or broadband

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40
Q

Baseband

A

Transmits one signal at a time

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41
Q

Broadband

A

Modulates different frequencies to transmit multiple signals simultaneously

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42
Q

Balanced Transmission

A

Carry two identical input signals 180 out of phase

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43
Q

Unbalanced transmissions

A

Carry signals on just one input/output while the second wire is grounded

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44
Q

Maximum distance of Fiber

A

2000 meters

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45
Q

Wireless

A

Major disadvantage is time delay

can be directional or omnidirectional

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46
Q

Satellite and troposcatter

A

Directional wireless

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47
Q

Line of sight

A

Directional or omnidirectional

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48
Q

DSU

A

Operates alongside a CSU or in the same device with the CSU

Manages interface with the DTE

Digital equivalent to an analog modem

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49
Q

CSU

A

Responsible for the connection to the telecommunications network

operates alongside the DSU

Digital equivalent to an analog modem

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50
Q

Digital Network Hierarchy

A

Logical sequence in building transmission rates in a network from one user into a TDM multiplexer up to multiple TDM multiplexers

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51
Q

Number of users on DS0

A

1

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52
Q

Number of users DS1

A

24

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53
Q

Number of users DS2

A

96

54
Q

Number of users DS3

A

672

55
Q

Number of users DS4

A

4032

56
Q

TDM Hierarchy

A

How communications systems get larger and larger as the demand grows for more access

57
Q

Multiple access

A

a satellites ability to multiplex signals from numerous terminals in a variety of ways

58
Q

Which multiple access method has guard bands

A

FDMA

59
Q

Spectrally inefficient for the satellites total capacity

A

FDMA

60
Q

Advantageous to support connection oriented applications

A

FDMA

61
Q

Spread spectrum technique that uses pseudorandom noise codes

A

CDMA

62
Q

All terminals transmit at the same time, over the same frequency, however receiving looks for a specific coded waveform

A

CDMA

63
Q

A 5ghz carrier is used

A

WCDMA

64
Q

WCDMA uses wider frequency bands so it can…

A

Achieve higher throughput data transmission

65
Q

200khz wide carrier for…

A

CDMA

66
Q

Which multiple access method is synchronous

A

CDMA

67
Q

Which multiple access method is asynchronous

A

WCDMA

68
Q

Operates on a first come first serve, as needed

A

DAMA

69
Q

The frequency is returned to a pool to be used by the next user

A

DAMA

70
Q

4Ghz-8Ghz

A

C band

71
Q

8ghz - 12ghz

A

X band

72
Q

12-18ghz

A

Ku band

73
Q

18ghz- 27ghz

A

K band

74
Q

27ghz-40ghz

A

Ka band

75
Q

Longer wavelength and often larger parabolic dishes

A

C band

76
Q

Highly resistant to rain fade

A

C band

77
Q

Examples of C band uses

A

Weather radars, Wifi 802.11a, TV networks, some radio networks in the 5ghz range

78
Q

Primarily used in military applications

A

X band

78
Q

Example uses of X band

A

civil, military, and government weather radars, air traffic control, vehicle speed detection

79
Q

Can be affected by rain fade, requires more precise pointing

A

Ku band

80
Q

Examples of Ku band uses

A

Digital TV, radio astronomy, radio navigation, and commercial aircraft

81
Q

Not useful for long distance, high atmospheric attenuation

A

K band

82
Q

very short wavelength, inclement weather causes significant reliability issues

A

Ka band

83
Q

the 3 segments of satellite comms

A

Space
Command and control
Terminal

84
Q

5 subsystems of satellites

A

Power
propulsion
tt and C
Beacon
Communications

85
Q

3 controls of satellites

A

Spacecraft
Payload
Network

86
Q

Space Segment

A

Comprised of the space vehicles that carry satellite communication payloads

87
Q

Satellites

A

Diverse and complex pieces of equipment, performs a specific function for a specific length of time

88
Q

Propulsion

A

perform periodic position changes, aid in stabilizing a satellite against atmospheric drag

89
Q

TT & C subsystem

A

Enables controllers on the ground to monitor the spacecraft and its subsystems

90
Q

Can execute commands sent from the control segment

A

TT & C

91
Q

Beacon Subsystem

A

Enables the control segment to determine a spacecrafts position in space

92
Q

Allows the satellite to send radio signals between terminals or between other satellites

A

Communications Subsystem

93
Q

Transponder

A

Equipped on satellites

receives a signal and retransmits it, changes the frequency the send back

94
Q

The signals sent by the transponder are known as

A

Downlink and uplink frequencies

95
Q

Command and control Segment

A

Systems on the ground that send commands to and from the satellite

96
Q

responsible for overall system operation of spacecraft, payload, and communications network control

A

Command and control Segment

97
Q

Facilitates the sending and receiving of commands and data from ground stations

A

TT&C

98
Q

Spacecraft control

A

The stabilization, maneuvering, repositioning and proper functioning of systems onboard spacecraft

99
Q

Payload Control

A

Operation and control of the payload on spacecraft

100
Q

The primary reason a spacecraft is in orbit

A

Payload

101
Q

Refers to the inter workings of the spacecraft

A

Payload control

101
Q

Network Control

A

Encompasses satellite control and monitoring stations

101
Q

Terminal Segment

A

The personnel, equipment, and facilities that use the capabilities provided by the satellite

102
Q

Defense satellite Communications System
(DSCS)

A

provides a reliable, high capacity, quality comm in support of peacetime, contingency, and wartime operations . Specifically high availability

103
Q

DoD manages satellites from directions of..

A

DISA

104
Q

How many channels does DSCS have?

A

6

105
Q

DSCS channels 1-5 have what translation frequency?

A

725MHz

106
Q

DSCS channel 6 has what translation frequency

A

200MHz

107
Q

Guard bands

A

Prevent interference, spaced 25MHz apart

108
Q

DSCS operate at which band?

A

X band

109
Q

What is the beacon frequency of DSCS

A

7600 MHz

110
Q

Wideband Global Satellite (WGS)

A

Fall under DSCS, slowly replacing DSCS

No fixed translation frequencies

Cross band frequencies

111
Q

What bands does WGS operate in?

A

X band and KA band

112
Q

Military Strategic and tactical relay (MILSTAR)

A

Operated by US Air Force

Secure and Jam resistant

10 year design life

113
Q

Crosslinks between MILSTARs

A

allow worldwide comm without the use of multihop ground stations, providing increased anti jam capability

114
Q

MILSTAR provides anti scintillation, which is

A

protection from EMP effects of a nucelar explosion

enables SATCOM systems to overcome jamming attacks, combination of TRANSEC, modulation and interleaving techniques that hop, permute and spread comms over usable bandwidth

115
Q

Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF)

A

JOINT SERVICE

Provides surviable, global, secure, protected, and jam resistant comms

116
Q

Follow on system to the MILSTAR

A

AEHF

Throughput is 10 times higher than MILSTAR

117
Q

How many satellites is AEHF

A

6

118
Q

provides 24 hour coverage between 65 degrees south and 65 degrees north Latitude

A

AEHF

119
Q

Mobile User Objective System (MUOS)

A

Developed for the Navy

UHF

IP based

will provide 16 times the capacity of legacy

120
Q

Each MUOS satellite has how many payloads

A

2

121
Q

Supports both WCDMA and legacy UHF

A

MUOS

122
Q

Soon to be operational

A

MUOS

123
Q

How many satellites are configured for MUOS

A

4 orbiting and 4 relay ground stations

124
Q

Commercial operates in which bands

A

C band and Ku Band

125
Q

GPS is owned by _______ and operated by _____________

A

United states government, Airforce

126
Q

Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN)

A

Provides support for the operation, control, and maintenance of a variety of US DoD and some non DoD satellites

127
Q

Maintains the catalog of space objects and distributes various data, almanacs

A

AFSCN

RF (5 decks)

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