Mod 6

Question 1

fermentation (past)

Answer 1

Brewing beer uses a living thing (yeast) to make a new product. Beer renders the water supplies safe to drink and reduces epidemics.
other forms of fermentation led to soy sauce, yoghurt, leavened bread, etc. Many fermentation techniques have the advantage of preserving foods for longer storage.

Question 2

selective breeding (past)

Answer 2

To get desired combinations of favourable characteristics.
It gradually increased yields and selective breeding was soon extended to domesticated animals such as goats, sheep, cattle, horses, chickens.

Question 3

Modern biotechnologies

Answer 3

modern biotechnology appeared in 1971 with the first experiments on gene splicing.

• Medical supplies of human insulin and other substances, using human genes spliced into bacterial cells.
• Genetically modified micro-organisms that clean-up oil spills, or other forms of pollution, and GMOs that manufacture biofuel or biodegradable plastic

Question 4

biotechnology

Answer 4

any commercial exploitation of biological processes

Question 5

genetic technology

Answer 5

a modern branch of biotechnology that allows direct manipulation of DNA and genes

Question 6

restriction enzymes

Answer 6

an enzyme that cuts double stranded DNA molecules at specific recognition sites

Question 7

helicase enzyme (protein)

Answer 7

is needed to split DNA into single strands at the start of DNA replication which takes place in the cell replication processes of mitosis and meiosis

Question 8

insulin hormone (protein)

Answer 8

Insulin is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are increased. Insulin helps convert glucose into glycogen and body cells to use more glucose up, thus reducing the level of glucose in blood.

Question 9

sensory proteins

Answer 9

opsins are proteins in the retina of the eye that detect light