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Clin Chem Lab > Mod. 6 > Flashcards

Mod. 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary source of energy for brain, erythrocyte, retinal cells

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What is the major food source and energy supply for the body

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

_______ is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

End product of carbohydrate metabolism

A

Glucose

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5
Q

_____ is regulated by the actions of various hormones

A

Blood glucose level

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6
Q

What is the major hormone that regulates blood glucose concentration?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

What is synthesized by the beta cell of the islet of langerhans

A

Insulin

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8
Q

True or false: insulin decreases the blood glucose level by promoting glucose uptake by the cell

A

True

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9
Q

What inhibits glycogenolysis

A

Insulin

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10
Q

This is a simple sugar and contains more than 3 carbons.

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Give the common examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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12
Q

A two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkages.

A

Disaccharides

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13
Q

Give common examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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14
Q

Chaining of 2-10 sugar units

A

Oligosaccharides

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15
Q

______ is a linkages of many monosaccharides units; hydrolysis: 10 monosaccharides.

A

Polysaccharide

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16
Q

Starch and glycogen is an example of what?

A

Polysaccharide

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17
Q

_____ is a method of glucose to pyruvate/lactate for production of energy

A

Glycolysis

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18
Q

_____ is a formation of g6p from non carbo source

A

Gluconeogenesis

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19
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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20
Q

Conversion of glucose to glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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21
Q

Conversion of carbo to fatty acids

A

Lipogenesis

22
Q

Decomposition of fats

A

Lipolysis

23
Q

What are the two forms of carbohydrates?

A

Aldose and ketose

24
Q

______ is hypoglycemic agent

A

Insulin

25
Q

_____ increase glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and glycolysis

A

Insulin

26
Q

_____ Is a hyperglycemic agent

A

Glucagon

27
Q

What is the primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose level?

A

Glucagon

28
Q

If insulin inhibits glycogenolysis, then what promotes glycogenolysis?

A

Glucagon

29
Q

_____ increase gluconeogenesis

A

Glucagon

30
Q

Terminal carbonyl group

A

Aldose

31
Q

What hormone is responsible for increasing plasma glucose by inhibiting insulin

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

What hormone promotes lipolysis?

A

Epinephrine

33
Q

A hormone found in the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine

34
Q

A hormone found in the adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol

35
Q

A hormone that is stimulated by adrenocorticothropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Cortisol

36
Q

______ increases plasma glucose by decreasing intestinal entry to the cell

A

Cortisol

37
Q

A hormone stimulated by decreased glucose and is inhibited by increased glucose

A

Growth hormone

38
Q

A hormone promoting gluconeogenesis

A

ACTH

39
Q

A hormone that increases plasma glucose

A

Thyroxine

40
Q

A hormone that inhibits insulin, glucagon, growth hormone

A

Somatostatin

41
Q

A condition with increase plasma glucose. Ex. Diabetes mellitus

A

Hyperglycemia

42
Q

______ is a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action

A

Diabetes mellitus

43
Q

Describe as the pancreatic islet B cell destruction

A

Type 1 DM

44
Q

Describe as cellular mediated autoimmune destruction of B cells

A

Type 1 DM

45
Q

Insulin secretion deficiency

A

Insulinopenia

46
Q

A type od DM that is commonly detected in childhood and adolescent stage

A

Type 1 DM

47
Q

A type of DM that is insulin dependent and ketosis prone

A

Type 1 DM

48
Q

A type of DM that is due to insulin resistance with an insulin secretory defect

A

Type 2 DM

49
Q

Enumerate the complications of type 1 DM

A

Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Heart disease

50
Q

A DM recognized during pregnanc; 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

A

Gestational DM

51
Q

Has no known etiology, strongly inherited

A

Idiopathic type 1 diabetes

52
Q

Intermediate stage; tolerance above normal but below diabetes level

A

Impaired fasting glucose

Clin Chem Lab (2 decks)

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