Mod 6

Question 1

The 5 strong acids

Answer 1

HCl
HBr
H2SO4
HNO3
HI

Question 2

What is its spontaneity at different temeratures

Answer 2

Question 3

The 3 indicators to remember

Answer 3

Question 4

Lavoisier 1776

Answer 4

Acids must contain oxygen

Limitation: some acids (e.g hydrochloric acid) don’t contain oxygen

Question 5

Davy 1810

Answer 5

Hydrogen is the acid identifier

Limitation: some compounds containing hydrogen (e.g methane CH4) aren’t acids

Question 6

Arrhenius 1884

Answer 6

Arrhenius acid: substances that ionise with water to produce H+ ions

Arrhenius base: substances that ionise with water to produce OH- ions

Limitations:

• doesn’t explain why substances that don’t contain OH- ions like ammonia can produce OH- ions
• Doesn’t explain why some acids and bases produce non-neutral solutions

Question 7

Bronstead-Lowry Theory 1923

Answer 7

Bronstead-Lowry acid - Proton doner

Bronstead-Lowry base - Proton acceptor

Limitation: cant explain why substances like CO2 have no H+ ions but can still accept them

Question 8

Enthalpy of strong acid and strong base neutralisation (with ideal conditions)

Answer 8

-57.6 KJ/mol

Question 9

Most effective buffer capacity equation (probs not needed)

Answer 9

Question 10

Buffers in blood

Answer 10

H2CO3/HCO3-

H2PO4-/HPO42- (also important in cells)

Question 11

Answer 11

1. Strong acid + strong base
2. Weak acid + strong base
3. Strong acid + weak base
4. Weak acid + weak base

Question 12

Strong bases

Answer 12

Group 1 and 2 metal hydroxides