Mod 5: Question 1 Flashcards

Question

Pollination - plants | sexual reproduction ## Footnote Step 1

Answer 1

pollen sticks to the stigma which is sticky when ready for fertilisation flowers attract animals to bring the pollen methods: * wind - flowers with small petals, no nectar or colour, pollen is light and powdery eg. grass * self - male will produce pollen (anther) and fertalise itself (less energy) eg. dandilions * insects - yelllow or blue flowers, with necar and scent eg. bees * birds - large, colourful, tuba shape (for beak), lots of nectar, no smell eg. lorakeets

Answer 2

TO COME SOON

Answer 3

1. sperm cells transfered by the pollen tube 2. fuses with the egg in the ovule 3. fertlised ovule develps in the ovary 4. ovule, containg embryo, is now a seed and the surronding ovary becomes a fruit | seed is a zygote ## Footnote only in seeding plants - gymnosperms and angiosperms

Answer 4

after fertilisation the seeds are dispered it is an advatafe for seeds to be dispered as: * prevents overcrowding * prevents compitetion - light, water and soil nutrients * increases chance of continuity in case of change ## Footnote Travel by: air (dandelion), animal (blackberry), water (coconut), bursting (violet), human (cherry)

Answer 5

plant embryo is in a dehydrated form and is dormant - seed needs adverse conditions to survivie (water, nutrients, warmth) embryo begins to grow creating a radicle to absrob nutrients and a plume for food production via photosythesis | once seed is established it grows into an adult plant and can reproduce

Answer 6

* needs a conjusive enviroment * parent is not effected nucleus reproduces through mitosis and a little bud forms off the side; once nuclus moves into - pinches off to become its own organism or stays attatched in a colony

Answer 7

Special unicellular fungi produced in huge quantities from one parent - very light to they can send offspring far away (good distribution) * spores last a long time and won't become fungi until conditions are right - survival of species * most are haploid

Answer 8

* occurs only when enviroment isn't conjusive - goes into stasis * diplod and haploid phase - mainly haploid two different indiduals fuse to from a zygote spore goes through meioso to form haploid spores which are **genetically different** from parent

Answer 9

1. Organism grows to double its size (doesn't want to be small) 2. Nucleus goest through mitosis to replicate genetic material - splits into two identical cells (mature size) | most common way to mate ## Footnote eg. amoeba

Answer 10

nucleus goes through mitosis, a bud is formed and pinches off without changing the parent

Answer 11

1. DNA replicates and one piece goes to either side of the cell 2. clevage occurs and cytoplasm divides 3. creates a **smaller** daughter cell which grows and matures | occurs in 9 minutes (rapid increase in numbers)

Answer 12

have hundreds of plasmids two cells send a 'tube' where they replicate plasmids and send to the other cell

Answer 13

Stamen is manually removed from female part and pollen is transferred to the sticky stigma * **D** - takes time/requires skill * **A** - allows pollination to happen anywhere in the world | self or cross pollinated (choosing hybrid plants with different traits)

Answer 14

Vegetative Propogation eg. strawberroes/bananas * **D** - no variation (dieases can wipe out whole species) * **A** - produced exact quality crops as parent/if no viable seeds plant can still reproduce

Answer 15

eg. wild brassica - cauliflower, kale, cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli * **D** - reduces genetic variation * **A** - produces new varities of plant (agriculture demands)

Answer 16

Intentional mating of individuals with desirable traits so there offspring express those same traits eg. chickens * **D** - reduces genetic variation/sometimes rare disease genes can be passed on * **A** - produces new variaties of animals (agriculture demand/high quality food)/animals can be selected that dont cause harm - cattle without horns