MOD 5 - HEREDITY

Question 1

gamete

Answer 1

reproductive cell of an animal or plant (sperm or egg cells)

Question 2

the concept of reproduction is based on 3 key principles:

Answer 2

1. genetic continuity
2. genetic survivability
3. genetic variability

Question 3

genetic continuity

Answer 3

ability of a population to pass on genetic material from parent organism to offspring (similar or identical)
- vital for survival of population

Question 4

genetic survivability

Answer 4

ability of a population to produce viable offspring that can survive until maturity
- only be achieved if genetic continuity is maintained

Question 5

genetic variability

Answer 5

**ability of a population to create offspring that are genetically unique to their parents **
- increases genetic variation and capacity to evolve
- increase genes to survive against selection pressures
- many species do not have (asexually reproduced e.g. prokaryotic population)

Question 6

reproduction

Answer 6

the production or creation of offspring that resembles their parent organism and possess all necessary requirements for survival

Question 7

reproduction success

Answer 7

organism’s ability to create fertile offspring which can survive to maturity and reproduce.

Question 8

biological fitness

Answer 8

capacity for reproductive success in an individual

Question 9

two main categories of reproduction

Answer 9

• asexual and sexual

Question 10

asexual reproduction

Answer 10

- production involving one parent that does not involve gametes
- offspring are genetically identical to each other and parent (clones)

Question 11

sexual reproduction

Answer 11

**- involves union of two gametes (sperm and egg), one from each parent **
- results in offspring containing mix of parental genes

Question 12

4 differences between sexual and asexual reproduction

Answer 12

ace pg 3 mod 5 wk1

Question 13

in what cases do some organisms undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction

Answer 13

e.g. plants, mould, fungi
- in favourable conditions: undergo asexual to increase population size
- in unfavourable conditions: undergo sexual reproduction to induce changes within gene pool to better survive against environemental pressures

Question 14

zygote

Answer 14

product of the fertilisation of a female gamete (ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

Question 15

animal production

Answer 15

involves formation of a zygote

Question 16

external fertilisation

Answer 16

male and female gamete fuses outside body
- only occurs in aquatic or moist terrestrial environments to prevent dehydration of gametes
- e.g. seahorse, fish, amphibians

Question 17

internal fertilisation

Answer 17

male gamete placed in female bopdy so union of gametes takes place inside the body
- occurs in land animals and some aquatic animals
- e.g. snails, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles

Question 18

3 types of internal fertilisation

Answer 18

1. oviparity
2. ovo-viviparity
3. viviparity

Question 19

oviparity/oviparous

Answer 19

eggs are fertilised then laid

Question 20

ovo-viviparity

Answer 20

young remains in fertilised egg until they are fully developed
e.g. snakes

Question 21

viviparity/vivparous

Answer 21

young develop as an embroy in female body not in egg

Question 22

external fertilisation

Answer 22

involves release of eggs and sperm into an aqueous external environment
- no parental nurture
- e.g. stony coral (broadcast spawning)
- little to no mate selection

Question 23

types of external fertilisation

Answer 23

1. broadcast spawning
2. courtship behaviour

Question 24

broadcast spawning

Answer 24

release of pheromones in favourbale conditions leads to mass release of gametes in population

Question 25

courtship behaviour

Answer 25

females release eggs in small area for males to fertilise
- increased sexual selection
- increased chance of fertilisation

Question 26

parthenogenesis

Answer 26

form of asexual reproductive technique where ova develops into embryo without male gamete fertilisation
- only occurs in unfertilised female gametes
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