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Social Studies 6th > Mod 5 > Flashcards

Mod 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were some advantages of the geography of where Rome was?

(5 adventages)

A
  • 14 miles from the sea, no sea raiders but Romans could still trade through the sea
  • Sat high on a plateau, easy to defend from enemies
  • Tiber river allowed fertile soil
  • Apennine Mountains provide a barrier from the east
  • Alps provided a barrier to the north
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2
Q

In the 600s BCE, who took over Latium and changed it to a city-state called Rome?

A

Etruscans

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3
Q

What were some improvements that were made when Rome became a city-state?

A
  • Draining marshes

- Developed the forum

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4
Q

What is a Forum?

A

Central open area that became Rome’s center of government and business

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5
Q

What is a surplus?

A

excess amount of goods that is above what is used or needed

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6
Q

In 509 BCE, Romans pushed out King Targuin the Proud and became what?

A

A republic

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7
Q

What is a republic?

A

a political system in which people elect representatives to make decisions for them

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8
Q

In 400s BCE, Rome built up its military and joined other cities in Latium to fight against local raiders and become a dominant member of an alliance called what?

A

The Latin League

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9
Q

Who destroyed the Etruscan cities and later in 390s BCE attacked and burned Rome

A

Gaul (present-day France)

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10
Q

By 275 BCE, Rome defeated who

A
  • all of Etruria
  • Central Italy and much of northern Italy
  • the greek city-states to the south

Pretty much all of Italy

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11
Q

Who did Rome start the 3 Punic wars with in 264BCE?

A

Carthage

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12
Q

After what punic war did Rome gain Sicily as a province?

A

the 1st

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13
Q

What Punic war did Hannibal nearly capture Rome with elephants?

A

2nd

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14
Q

What Punic war started in 149 BCE, where a huge Roman army sailed to Carthage and had a 3 year long siege?

A

3rd

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15
Q

No other power in the Mediterranean was as strong as Rome.

True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

Many of Rome’s wealthy citizens lost all of their land.

True or False?

A

False! Wealthy citizens established huge farming estates.

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17
Q

Rome started treating conquered peoples more harshly.

True or False?

A

rue. Earlier, Rome had turned former foes into allies and gave them citizenship. After the Punic Wars, armies enslaved people and ruined their lands.

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18
Q

Many Roman farmers had no time to tend their farms

True or False?

A

True. Over time, farmers who fought in the Roman army were forced to become full-time soldiers.

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19
Q

The Romans outlawed slavery.

True or False?

A

False! The number of slaves arriving from conquered lands increased greatly after the Punic Wars.

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20
Q

Rome’s power and wealth increased.

True or False?

A

True. The conquest of Carthage and other lands gave Rome more power and brought more wealth into the Republic.

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21
Q

Many landless farmers moved to cities.

True or False?

A

True. Farmers often sold their land to wealthy Romans and left the countryside for the city.

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22
Q

Rome builds a navy and becomes a sea power.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the First Punic War

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23
Q

Wealthy Romans build huge farming estates.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

After the Punic Wars

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24
Q

Hannibal crosses the Alps into Italy.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the Second Punic War

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25
Q

Conquests in the eastern Mediterranean, Asia Minor, and elsewhere bring many slaves into Italy.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

After the Punic Wars

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26
Q

Rome sends 80,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry to Carthage.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the Third Punic War

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27
Q

The Etruscans conquer the Latins.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

Before the Punic Wars

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28
Q

Romans end rule by kings and establish a republic.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

Before the Punic Wars

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29
Q

Rome stands alone as the supreme power in the Mediterranean region.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

After the Punic Wars

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30
Q

Rome conquers central Italy.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

Before the Punic Wars

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31
Q

Landless farmers stream into Roman cities.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

After the Punic Wars

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32
Q

Rome gains its first province, Sicily.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the First Punic War

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33
Q

Carthage is completely destroyed.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the Third Punic War

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34
Q

Some of Rome’s allies in Italy turn against Rome.

Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
A

During the Second Punic War

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35
Q

Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?

The Senate and Assemblies

A

The Congress

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36
Q

Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?

The Consul

A

The President

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37
Q

Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?

The Eight Judges

A

The Supreme Court

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38
Q

Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?

The Twelve Tables

A

The Bill of Rights

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39
Q

Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?

Consul Veto

A

Presidential Veto

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40
Q

Who became Rome’s first emperor in 27 BCE

A

Augustus

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41
Q

What is the PAX Romana

A

a long time of peace for Rome during his 41-year reign

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42
Q

Who were the 4 men who helped create the Roman Empire?

A
  • Tiberius Gracchus
  • Gaius Maruis
  • Sulla
  • Julius Caesar
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43
Q

Who was Tiberius Gracchus?

(168 - 133 BCE)

A

A soldier who proposed that Rome divide public lands among the returning military and their families to address the homeless citizens.

Senate was horrified, his ideas threatened their large estates and power, he was killed for his beliefs.

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44
Q

Gaius Marius (157 - 86 BCE)

A

Roman Consul who riled for 7 out of 10 years due to his military success during three wars

He promised land to soldiers in return for fighting in said wars and later roman citizenship.

Senate refused to honor his promises, fled to Africa after an attack by Sulla. Returned and seized Rome after a bloody battle

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45
Q

Sulla (138 BCE – 78 BCE)

A

Born in a poor noble family, served in the military under Gaius Marius. In 87 BCE, gathered his legions and took control over Rome, strengthened the Senate’s Power.

82 BCE marched into Rome a second time and became a dictator, brought back the government of Rome to old vaules.

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46
Q

Julius Caesar (100 BCE – 44 BCE)

A

60 BCE was elected Consul, partnered with 2 rivals, Pompey and Crassus, and formed a triumvirate or a three-person rule.

49 BCE, marched into Rome and named himself dictator, adopted Octavian.

March 15th 44 BCE Caesar was Assassomated and Augustus ruled.

Replaced consuls and senate with an empire that could be inherited by members of the rulers family

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47
Q

What is a Tribune?

A

Tribunes: the plebeian representatives to the Senate) every year to take their concerns to the Senate. After a while, the assemblies had more power and created laws for the plebeians.

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48
Q

What are the Consuls?

A

The two leaders, the Consuls had to agree on everything. To make sure this happened, each Consul the right to veto (veto: to overrule) the other’s decisions.

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49
Q

The Eight Judges

A

Judges were in charge of enforcing the laws.

50
Q

What is the class structure pyramid starting with the top?

A

Patricians, Plebeians, Freedmen, and Slaves.

51
Q

Patricians

A

The wealthiest citizens in the region, held high government positions, large farms and they could only join the priesthood.

52
Q

Plebeians

A

Majority of the Roman citizens, owned land, farmed and traded.

Barred from many public offices

53
Q

Freedmen

A

Slaves that bought their own freedom with money or possessions, not a Roman ciitzen. Could not join the military or public office but could own landand children of Freedmen were often granted Roman ciitzenship.

54
Q

Slaves

A

Most were prisoners of War or sold into slavery as children.

Worked in mines or on farms, servants or gladiators. Were very expensive and estimated that 25 percent of the Roman population were slaves.

55
Q

A member of the highest class in ancient Rome was called a _____.

A

patrician

56
Q

A person of the lower class who owned land was called a _____.

A

plebeian

57
Q

A person who was bought and sold as property and had no legal rights in ancient Rome was a _____.

A

slave

58
Q

A former slave was called a ____.

A

freedman

59
Q

The most important judge in a particular district in ancient Rome was called a _____.

A

magistrate

60
Q

The patrician traders who bought goods in bulk and resold them to shopkeepers were called _____.

A

negotiatores

61
Q

The plebeians and freedmen who ran the shops in the Roman markets were called _____.

A

mercatores

62
Q

In ancient Rome, three men who shared ruling responsibilities were called a _____.

A

triumvirate

63
Q

In ancient Rome, a person given sole ruling power was called a _____.

A

dictator

64
Q

To kill someone for political reasons is to _____ them.

A

assassinate

65
Q

In ancient Rome, a person given complete control and power of command was given _____.

A

imperium

66
Q

______ was a member of the First Triumvirate, who began a civil war in 49 BCE.

A

Julius Caesar

67
Q

______ built a huge naval fleet, won the Battle of Actium, and became the emperor of the Roman Empire.

A

Octavian

68
Q

Under this emperor, the Roman Empire was at its largest in history.

A

Trajan

69
Q

This emperor founded the tetrarchy, or “rule by four.”

A

Diocletian

70
Q

This was the first Roman emperor.

A

Augustus

71
Q

This emperor was the last to rule the Roman Empire before it was split in two.

A

Theodosius

72
Q

This emperor built walls around the Roman Empire to secure its borders.

A

Hadrian

73
Q

This emperor was the first to promote men in the military based on their performance rather than their social class.

A

Marcus Aurelius.

74
Q

This was the first Roman emperor who was not related to the first emperor of Rome.

A

Vespasian

75
Q

This was the first Roman emperor to be a Christian.

A

Constantine

76
Q

The political structure of the Roman Empire included all of the following from the Roman Republic except (4 points)

a. a Senate
b. checks and balances
c. plebeians and patricians
d. imperial provinces

A

b. checks and balances

77
Q

Which of the following represents a difference between the government of the Roman Republic and that of Imperial Rome? (4 points)

a. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the plebeians’ views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor’s view.
b. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the patricians’ views, while in the Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor’s views
c. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the Consuls’ views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor’s views.
d. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the emperor’s views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the Consuls’ views.

A

:b. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the patricians’ views, while in the Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor’s views

78
Q

How did the Edict of Milan contribute to the growth and longevity of the Roman Empire? (4 points)

a. It made it safe for the larger Christian community to practice their religion.
b. It made it illegal to practice any religion other than Christianity.
c. It created a tax system that helped to fund the Empire.
d. It created a less rigid social class system.

A

a. It made it safe for the larger Christian community to practice their religion.

79
Q

Question 6
Which of the following contributed to the growth and success of the Roman Empire? (4 points)

a. a system of representative government
b. religious toleration of conquered peoples
c. trade networks with India and Africa
d. the assassination of Julius Caesar

A

b. religious toleration of conquered peoples

80
Q

Visigoths

A

one of two groups of Goth people who settled in southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula; first to invade Roman Empire

81
Q

Vandals

A

people from the region of Germany who attacked Rome

82
Q

Trajan

A

first non-Italian emperor of Rome

83
Q

Romulus Augustulus

A

the last Roman-born emperor of the Western Roman Empire

84
Q

Pax Romana

A

Peace of Rome

85
Q

Ostrogoths

A

one of two groups of Goth people; wanted to be like the Roman people

86
Q

Odoacer

A

first non-Roman ruler of the Western Roman Empire

87
Q

Nerva

A

first of the Five Great Emperors

88
Q

mercenary soldiers

A

soldiers serving in a foreign army

89
Q

Marcus Aurelius

A

the last of the Five Great Emperors who killed thousands of Christians

90
Q

Iberian Peninsula

A

southwestern Europe where Spain and Portugal are located today

91
Q

Huns

A

nomadic people from Mongolia

92
Q

Hadrian

A

third of the Five Great Emperors who traveled throughout the provinces of Rome

93
Q

Goths

A

early people who are believed to have originated in modern-day Sweden

94
Q

Constantinople

A

capital of Eastern Rome

95
Q

barbarian

A

a culture or group of people who were seen by the Romans as being inferior; fierce, warlike, uneducated

96
Q

deposed

A

removed from power or office

97
Q

Attila the Hun

A

leader of the Huns

98
Q

Antoninus Pius

A

fourth of the Five Great Emperors who kept the peace of Rome and the economy stable

99
Q

Alaric

A

Visigoth ruler who held the city of Rome for ransom

100
Q

Stoicism

A

Stoicism: a philosophy which taught that strong self-control could control greed, anger, and jealousy

101
Q

aqueducts

A

aqueducts: stone structures that carry water from the hills into cities

102
Q

engineering

A

engineering: applying science and math to create useful structures and machines

103
Q

apostles

A

apostles: twelve of Jesus’ disciples

104
Q

gentiles:

A

gentiles: non-Jews

105
Q

amphitheater:

A

amphitheater: a building without a roof where people gather to watch actors perform

106
Q

concrete

A

concrete: a hard, heavy building material made of cement, sand, gravel, and water

107
Q

Cato the Elder:

A

Cato the Elder: Roman statesman and writer known for his distrust of the Greeks

108
Q

parables

A

parables: short stories with moral lessons.

109
Q

Paul:

A

Paul: a Jew who converted to Christianity; he played the large role in spreading the Christian faith.

110
Q

Marcus Tullius Cicero:

A

Marcus Tullius Cicero: a lawyer and politician, skilled at rhetoric

111
Q

Virgil:

A

Virgil: writer of the Aeneid

112
Q

What is the name for slaves and criminals forced to fight one another as entertainment for Romans?

A

gladiators

113
Q

In what type of political system do people elect

A

republic

114
Q

What was the highest class in the Roman Republic?

A

patricians

115
Q

What was the name for the legislative branch for plebeians?

A

assembly

116
Q

Who were bankers who bought large quantities of goods from traders and sold them in smaller quantities to shopkeepers?

A

negotiatores

117
Q

What was the procedure used in ancient Rome to separate metal from ore?

A

smelting

118
Q

What is the name for an underground cemetery?

A

catacomb

119
Q

Who was the emperor at the beginning of the Pax Romana?

A

Augustus

120
Q

Who were nomadic people from Mongolia?

A

Huns

121
Q

What was the Greek philosophy which taught that all men and slaves were equal?

A

stoicism

122
Q

Who were the “Five Great Emperors”?

A

Nerva: Reigned from 96-98 CE. He is remembered for helping the poor by giving them responsibility and way to provide for themselves.

Trajan: Reigned from 98-117 CE. He was the first emperor to have been born outside of Italy.

Hadrian: Reigned from 117-138 CE. He gave land back to areas that had been previously conquered by Rome.

Antonius Pius: Reigned from 138-161 CE: He was a peacemaker and Rome prospered during his reign without being involved in battle.

Marcus Aurelius: Reigned from 161-180 CE: Marcus was not as great as the previous Emperors before him. He blamed Christians for everything bad that happened to Rome during his reign and killed thousands of them in order to please the gods.

Social Studies 6th (2 decks)

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