Mod 5

Question 1

Stamen

Answer 1

Name for all the male parts of a flower

Question 2

Carpel

Answer 2

Name for all the female parts of a flower

Question 3

Anther

Answer 3

Part of stamen where pollen grains (plant sperm) are formed

Question 4

Filament

Answer 4

Stalk that carries the anther

Question 5

Stigma

Answer 5

Part of the carpel, the sticky top in the centre of the flower to which pollen adheres

Question 6

Style

Answer 6

Joins the stigma to the ovary

Question 7

Ovary

Answer 7

Where ovules are formed and where fertilisation occurs

Question 8

Binary Fission

Answer 8

Chromosomes are copied and cell is split into two, growing new membrane and wall (bacteria and some protea)

Question 9

Budding

Answer 9

A bud grows as an outgrowth and the nucleus produces a smaller daughter nucleus which migrates to the bud (e.g hydra, coral and some protists)

Question 10

Spore Formation

Answer 10

Spores are produced inside a sporangium and released when the sporangium wall disintegrates. They then germinate and form a new fungus (e.g moss, fungi and ferns)

Question 11

Hormones

Answer 11

Chemical substances produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs

Question 12

FSH

Answer 12

Follicle stimulating hormone triggers the release of oestrogen

Question 13

Oestrogen

Answer 13

Triggers the release of Luteinising Hormone

Question 14

LH

Answer 14

Triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Question 15

Corpus Luteum

Answer 15

Secretes progesterone

Question 16

Progesteroen

Answer 16

Maintains uterine lining

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

Triggers contractions

Question 18

Prolactin

Answer 18

Stimulates milk production

Question 19

Selective breeding

Answer 19

Example of agricultural manipulation where animals with favourable characteristics are bred together (e.g wheat varieties with faster growth rates, drought, disease resistance, larger seed kernels)

Question 20

Artificial Pollination

Answer 20

Agricultural manipulation which involves transferring pollen from a desirable plant to the stigma of another plant

Question 21

Artificial Insemination

Answer 21

Involves transferring the semen from a favourable animal to the uterus of a female. It increases favourable traits but reduces genetic diversity

Question 22

Cloning

Answer 22

Results in identical offspring (using cuttings, runners etc for plants) with favourable characteristics and can make copies of endangered species such as the Wollemi pine. Cloning animals does not have very high success rates and presents many ethical and health issues for the animals involved

Question 23

Step 1 of Interphase

Answer 23

G1 - cellular contents excluding the chromosomes are duplicated

Question 24

Step 2 of Interphase

Answer 24

Synthesis - each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated

Question 25

Step 3 of Interphase

Answer 25

G2 - Cell checks chromosomes for errors

Question 26

Mitosis Step 1

Answer 26

Prophase - Chromatin material shortens and thickens by coiling and separates into chromosomes. Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell and spindle fibres form

Question 27

Mitosis Step 2

Answer 27

Metaphase - Chromatids line up across the centre of cell and attach to spindle fibres

Question 28

Mitosis Step 3

Answer 28

Anaphase - Sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite ends of the cell, each becoming a daughter chromosome with one copy of DNA

Question 29

Mitosis Step Four

Answer 29

Telophase - Spindle fibre breaks down and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear. Chromosomes loose their distinct shapes

Question 30

Mitosis Step Five

Answer 30

Cytokinesis - The cell membrane pinches and divides the cytoplasm in half. This results is two identical daughter cells, each containing a complete copy of the original DNA and all organelles

Question 31

Exons

Answer 31

Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA.

Question 32

Polypeptide

Answer 32

A molecule made up of a chain of amino acids

Question 33

Primary Structure

Answer 33

The basic structure of a protein, arranged as polymers of amino acids in a linear chain

Question 34

Secondary Structure

Answer 34

3D arrangement of polypeptide chain created by folding or pleating, caused by hydrogen bonds making a backbone (e.g fibrous proteins)

Question 35

Tertiary Structure

Answer 35

Created by attraction between folded and pleated polypeptides (e.g globular proteins)

Question 36

Quaternary Structure

Answer 36

Made up of two or more polypeptide chains (folded or pleated) that are linked to create a complex but specific shape

Question 37

Meiosis Step 1

Answer 37

Early Prophase - Chromosomes seperate into homologous pairs

Question 38

Meiosis Step 2

Answer 38

Late Prophase - Nuclear membrane breaks down and crossing over (synapsis) occurs at the chiasma

Question 39

Meiosis Step 3

Answer 39

Metaphase I - Chromosomes align in pairs and random segregation occurs (chromosomes seperate into random pairs so different combinations of paternal and maternal chromosome alignment are possible). Chromatids attach to spindle fibres

Question 40

Meiosis Step 4

Answer 40

Anaphase I - Spindle fibres make chromosomes seperate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 41

Meiosis Step 5

Answer 41

Telophase - Two daughter cells form and the chromosome number is halved

Question 42

Meiosis Step 6

Answer 42

Cytokinesis I - New cell membrane is formed

Question 43

Meiosis Step 7

Answer 43

Metaphase II - Chromosomes align at the equator

Question 44

Meiosis Step 8

Answer 44

Anaphase II - Daughter chromosomes move apart to opposite poles

Question 45

Meiosis Step 9

Answer 45

Cytokinesis II - Cells seperate and the final result is four daughter cells that are not genetically identical to each other and have half the original chromosome number