Mod 4 Terms Flashcards
1
Q
A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder.
A
acromioclavicular joint
2
Q
An injury in which part of the body is completely severed.
A
Amputation
3
Q
A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints.
A
Articulate cartilage
4
Q
The heel bone.
A
Calcaneus
5
Q
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken.
A
Closed fracture
6
Q
An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children.
A
Compartment syndrome
7
Q
A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.
A
Crepitus
8
Q
Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact.
A
Dislocation
9
Q
A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another, producing deformity in the limb.
A
Displaced fracture
10
Q
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin.
A
Ecchymosis
11
Q
Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement.
A
False motion
12
Q
The fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments.
A
Fascia
13
Q
The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg.
A
Fibula
14
Q
A break in the continuity of a bone.
A
Fracture
15
Q
The place where two bones come into contact.
A
Joint
16
Q
A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.
A
Nondisplaced fracture
17
Q
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken.
A
Open fracture
18
Q
Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger.
A
Point tenderness
19
Q
A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed.
A
Position of function
20
Q
To return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set.
A
Reduce
21
Q
The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
A
Retroperitoneal space
22
Q
The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot.
A
Sciatic nerve
23
Q
A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity.
A
Sling
24
Q
A flexible or rigid device used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity.
A
Splint
25
A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends.
Sprain
26
The larger of the two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and the ankle; the shinbone.
Tibia
27
A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest.
Swathe
28
The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation.
Tourniquet
29
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint.
Zone of injury
30
Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull.
Strain
31
An injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact.
Closed abdominal injury
32
The region below the rib cage and above the hip.
Flank
33
Contracting the stomach muscles to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis.
Guarding
34
Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and urinary bladder.
Hollow organs
35
Black, tarry stool
Melena
36
An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination.
Open abdominal injury
37
The abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity
38
Solid massess of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place (eg, the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys).
Solid organs
39
Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.
Pericardial tamponade
40
A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.
Commotio cordis
41
A condition in which three or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage.
Flail chest
42
A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve; may also be part of a commercial vented occlusive dressing.
Flutter valve
43
The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest.
Hemopneumothorax
44
The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest.
Hemopneumothorax
45
A collection of blood in the pleural cavity.
Hemothorax
46
Bruising of the heart muscle.
Myocardial contusion
47
An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife.
Open chest injury
48
An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound.
Open pneumothorax
49
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart.
Pericardium
50
An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.
Pneumothorax
51
Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage.
Pulmonary contusion
52
Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient.
Simple pneumothorax
53
A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
54
An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound. See also open pneumothorax.
Sucking chest wound
55
A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck.
Traumatic asphyxia
56
Rapid respirations.
Tachypnea
57
Inability to remember events after an injury
Anterograde amnesia
58
Injuries in which load is applied along the vertical or longitudinal axis of the spine, which results in load being transmitted along the entire length of the vertebral column; for example, falling from a height and landing on the feet in an upright position.
Axial loading injuries
59
Usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, MVC's); generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with a radiograph.
Basilar skull fractures
60
Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture.
Battle sign
61
Swelling of the brain.
Cerebral edema
62
Injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding.
Closed head injury
63
A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain.
Concussion
64
Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds.
Coup-contrecoup injury
65
An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater.
Epidural hematoma
66
A head position in which the patient's eyes are looking straight ahead and the head and torso are in line.
Eyes forward position
67
The recommended procedure for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury from the ground to a long backboard or other spinal immobilization device.
Four person log roll
68
The cushion that lies between two vertebrae.
Invertebral disk
69
Bleeding within the brain tissue (parenchyma) itself; also referred to as an intraparenchymal hematoma.
Intracerebral hematoma
70
The pressure within the cranial vault.
Intracranial pressure ICP
71
Actions of the body that are not under a person's conscious control.
Involuntary activities
72
Account for 80% of skull fractures; also referred to as nondisplaced skull fractures; commonly occur in the temporal-parietal region of the skull; not associated with deformities to the skull.
Linear skull fractures
73
Three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal.
Meninges
74
Injury to the head often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding and exposed brain tissue.
Open head injury
75
An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head.
Primary injury
76
The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury.
Retrograde amnesia
77
The after effects of the primary injury; includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury.
Secondary injury
78
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
79
An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside of the brain.
Subdural hematoma
80
A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes.
Traumatic brain injury
81
Actions that we consciously perform, in which sensory input or conscious thought determines a specific muscular activity.
Voluntary activities
82
The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart.
Air embolism
83
Naturally occurring uneven pupil size.
Aniscoria
84
A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit.
Blow out fracture
85
The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.
Conjunctiva
86
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Conjunctivitis
87
A branch of the internal auditory canal that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx.
Eustacian tube
88
The ear canal; leads to the tympanic membrane.
External auditory canal
89
The eyeball
Globe
90
The muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye its color.
Iris
91
The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear glands.
Lacrimal glands
92
The transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina.
Lens
93
The mastoid process is the prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear. True/False
True
94
A cranial nerve that transmits visual information to the brain.
Optic nerve
95
The external, visible part of the ear.
Pinna
96
The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye.
Pupils
97
The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electric impulses, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain.
Retina
98
Separation of the retina from its attachments at the back of the eye.
Retinal detachment
99
The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
100
The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
101
The joint formed where the mandible and cranium meet, just in front of the ear.
Temperomandibular joint
102
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal.
Tragus
103
Layers of bone within the nasal cavity.
Turbinates
104
The eardrum, which lies between the external and middle ear.
Tympanic membrane
105
A condition resulting when veins of the neck are open to the environment and suck in air
Air embolism
106
An injury in which the soft tissue receives more energy than it can absorb without injury, from thermal heat, frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation.
Burns
107
The outer layer of skin that acts as a watertight protective covering.
Epidermis
108
A bruise without a break in the skin.
Contusion
109
A thermal burn caused by flames touching the skin.
Flame burn
110
An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination.
Open injury
111
Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue.
Compartment syndrome
112
The removal of a body part (complete avulsion).
Amputation
113
Describes an animal that is infected with rabies.
Rabid
114
An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.
Avulsion
115
A smooth or jagged open wound.
Laceration
116
The discoloration associated with a closed wound; signifies bleeding.
Ecchymosis
117
An injury to the airway as a result of breathing smoke and toxic chemicals into the lungs and airway.
Inhalation injury
118
The presence of infective organisms or foreign bodies such as dirt, gravel, or metal in a wound.
Contamination
119
The displacement of organs outside the body.
Evisceration
120
The loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scaping across a rough or hard surface.
Abrasion
121
A burn that has been caused by direct exposure to hot steam exhaust, as from a broken pipe.
Steam burn
122
The thick, coagulated crust or slough of leathery skin that develops following a burn
Eschar
123
Blood collected within the body's tissues or in a body cavity.
Hematoma
124
A significant metabolic derangement that can lead to renal failure and death. It develops when crushed extremities or other body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods.
Crush syndrome
125
A significant metabolic derangement that can lead to renal failure and death. It develops when crushed extremities or other body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods.
Crush syndrome
126
A formula that recommends giving 4mL of normal saline for each kilogram of body weight, multiplied by the percentage of body surface area burned during the first 24 hours following the burn; one half of the volume is given in the first 8 hours and the other half in the next 16 hours; sometimes used during lengthy transport times.
Parkland formula
127
The dressings made of Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that prevent air and liquids from entering or exiting a wound.
Occlusive dressing
128
The dressings made of Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that prevent air and liquids from entering or exiting a wound.
Occlusive dressing
129
An electrothermal injury caused by arcing of electric current.
Flash burn
130
An injury in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface remains intact.
Closed injury
131
The burns affecting only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through.
Superficial (first degree) burns
132
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.
Dermis
133
A system that estimates total body surface area burned by comparing the affected area with the size of the patient's palm, which is roughly equal to 1% of the patient's total body surface area.
Rule of palms
134
An injury that penetrates the skin, resulting from a sharp pointed object or a blunt object traveling at sufficient speed, such as a bullet.
Penetrating wound
135
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area.
Rule of nines
136
A burn produced by hot liquids.
Scald burn
137
A burn that results from heat, usually fire.
Thermal burn
138
The burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred.
Full thickness (3rd degree) burns
139
A burn produced by touching a hot object.
Contact burn
140
The burns affecting the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist, and mottled.
Partial-thickness (2nd degree) burns
141
Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels.
Arterial air embolism
142
An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities.
Blunt trauma
143
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path.
Cavitation
144
A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of original impact; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contecoup injury occurs on the other side of impact, as the brain rebounds.
Coup contre-coup injury
145
The slowing of an object.
Deceleration
146
Resistance that slows a projectile, such as air.
Drag
147
An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes.
Glasgow coma scale
148
Awareness that unseen life- threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury.
Index of suspicion
149
The energy of a moving object.
Kinetic energy
150
Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force.
Medical emergencies
151
Trauma that affects more than one body system.
Multisystem trauma
152
Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs.
Penetrating trauma
153
The product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as from a fall.
Potential energy
154
Any object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon.
Projectile
155
Pulmonary trauma resulting from short-range exposure to the detonation of high-energy explosives.
Pulmonary blast injuries
156
The main artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body
Aorta
157
The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries
Arterioles
158
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
159
A condition in which blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion
Hypovolemic shock
160
A device that provides proximal compression of severe bleeding near the axial or inguinal junction with the torso
Junctional tourniquet
161
A build up of blood beneath the skin that produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration as the result of an injury; also see contusion
Ecchymosis
162
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock
Hypoperfusion
163
The circulation of blood in adequate amounts to meet cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.
Perfusion
164
Always ask patient if he/she takes blood ______________ medications; ie: …
(Thinner) Aspirin, warfarin
165
A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain.
Pelvic binder
166
The narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with ________perfusion or cold extremities
(Hypoperfusion) vasoconstriction
167
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet’s path.
Cavitation
168
The measure of force over distance
Work
169
Kinetic Energy = 1/2 _____(wt) x velocity (_______) or KE = 1/2 __ x V 2
1/2 mass (weight) x velocity2 or KE = 1/2 M x V2
The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy. Reflects the relationship between the mass (weight) of the object and the velocity (speed) at which it is traveling.
170
A product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height and is mostly associated with the energy of falling objects.
Potential energy
171
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton’s Third Law . You push door, door pushes back (reacts)
172
Force equals mass x acceleration F = M x A acceleration is the change in velocity (speed) that occurs over time
Newton’s Second Law. Not so much that speed kills. Change in velocity with respect to time generates the forces that cause injury
173
States that objects at rest tend to stay at rest. And objects that are in motion _____ to _____ in ______ . Unless acted on by some force.
Newton’s First Law. “…stay in motion.”
