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Gross Anatomy > Mod 4: Lecture 3 - Overview of the Skull and Tempromandibular Joint > Flashcards

Mod 4: Lecture 3 - Overview of the Skull and Tempromandibular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the Cranium

A
  • Neurocranium

- Viscerocranium

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2
Q

Neurocranium

A
  • cranial vault
  • bony covering of the brain and the cranial meninges
  • contains proximal parts of the cranial nerves and the vasculature of the brain
  • calvaria: dome-like roof
  • cranial base: floor
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3
Q

Viscerocranium

A
  • facial skeleton
  • forms the anterior parts of the cranium
  • consists of the bones
  • — surrounding the mouth (upper and lower jaws)
  • — surrounding the nose/nasal cavity
  • — comprising most of the orbits (eye sockets or orbital cavities)
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4
Q

Superior View of the Skull

A
  • somewhat egg-shaped outline
  • —- small end is anterior
  • four bones visible
  • — anteriorly: frontal bone
  • — laterally both right and left: parietal bones
  • — posteriorly: occipital bone
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5
Q

Sutures of the Top of the Skull

A
  • Coronal: separates frontal bone from parietal bones
  • Sagittal/Interparietal: separates the right and left parietal bones
  • Lambdoidal: separates the parietal and temporal bones from the occipital bone
  • Bregma: the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures
  • Lambda: the intersection of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures
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6
Q

Posterior View of the Skull

A
  • Bones visible: occipital, both parietals
  • Sutures visible: sagittal, lambdoidal, lambda
  • External Occipital Protuberance: a bump in the center about 2/3 down the occipital bone
  • Occipital Condyles: on either side of the foramen magnum
  • Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines: areas of attachment for some neck and back muscles
  • Mastoid Process: big sticking down thing by the jaw
  • Styloid Process: thin sticking down thing anterior to the mastoid process
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7
Q

Frontal View of the Skull

A
  • Bones:
  • — right and left maxillae
  • — right and left nasal
  • — right and left zygomatic
  • —- vomer: nasal septum
  • —- frontal bone of skull
  • — mandible
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8
Q

Apertures in the wall of the orbit

A
  • Superior Orbital Fissure
  • — CN III, IV, VI, V1 (1st branch of V)
  • Inferior Orbital Fissure
  • — CN V2 (2nd branch of V), infraorbital vessels
  • Optic Canal
  • — CN II, Ophthalmic artery
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9
Q

Lateral View of the Skull

A
  • Temporal Lines
  • Pterion
  • Temporal Fossa
  • External Auditory Meatus
  • External Occipital Protuberance or Inion
  • Styloid Process
  • Mastoid Process
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10
Q
  1. Temporal Lines

2. Temporal Fossa

A
    • curved ridge in the frontal and parietal bones that serves as the superior limit of the curved origin of the temporalis muscle
      - — superior and inferior
    • slightly depressed area on the anterolateral aspect of the skull inferior to the temporal lines
      - — filled in by the temporalis muscle
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11
Q
  1. Pterion
A
  • the H shaped (H is on its side) region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid bones intersect
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12
Q

Styloid Process

A
  • sharp slender process that angles inferiorly, medially, and anteriorly
  • provides attachment for a number of muscles and two ligaments
  • — stylohyoid ligament
  • a portion of the tympanic plate wraps itself around the base of the styloid like a scroll
  • this is the vaginal process of the temporal bone
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13
Q
  1. External Auditory Meatus

2. External Occipital Protuberance or Inion

A
    • forms the entrance to the middle ear within the temporal bone
    • occupies the central external aspect of the occipital bone
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14
Q

Mastoid Process

A
  • lump of bone immediately posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus
  • serves as part of the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle`
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15
Q

Skull Base

A
  • Anterior Cranial Fossa
  • Middle Cranial Fossa
  • Posterior Cranial Fossa
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16
Q

Location and Nerves Going Through the Opening:

  1. Cribiform Plate
  2. Optic Canal
  3. Superior Orbital Foramen
A
    • center of anterior fossa
      - CN I
    • center border of anterior and middle fossa
      - CN II
    • medial curved border of the anterior and middle fossa, on the side of the middle fossa
      - CN III, IV, V1, VI
17
Q

Location and Nerves Going through the Opening:

  1. Foramen Rotundum
  2. Foramen Ovale
  3. Foramen Lacerum and Foramen Spinosum
A
    • little circle directly below the superior orbital fissure
      - CN V2
    • biggish circle below the foramen rotundum
      - V3
    • tiny holes right below the foramen ovale
      - one on each side of it
      - no nerves
18
Q

Location and Nerves Going through the Opening:

  1. IAM: internal auditory meatus
  2. Jugular Foramen
  3. Hypoglossal Canal
A
    • in the medial curved border of the middle and posterior fossa on the posterior side
      - CN VII, VIII
    • big hole in the posterior fossa, below the IAM
      - CN IX, X, XI
    • in the rim of the foramen magnum
      - CN XII
19
Q

Clivus

A
  • the slope of bone going up from the foramen magnum to the center of the middle fossa
20
Q

Normal Basalis: Anterior Region

A
  • the bottom of the skull, if the lower jaw is removed
  • Hard palate: roof of the mouth
  • — two bones
  • Posterior Nasal Spine: a midline posterior projection from the posterior border of the bony plate
21
Q

Hard Palate

A
  • roof of the mouth
  • Maxillae: palatal processes
  • — the anterior 2/3
  • — where the teeth fit in
  • — incisive foramen: transmits the nasopalatine nerve and vessels
  • Palatine Bones: horizontal processes
  • —- the posterior 1/3
  • — ending as a double crescent shaped posterior free border (no bones in the back of it)
  • — greater palatine canal
22
Q

Greater Palatine Canal opens as the….

A
  • greater palatine foramen onto the horizontal process of the palatine bone
  • — in line with the last maxillary molar
  • — transmits the greater palatine nerve and vessels
  • lesser palatine foramen
  • — posterior to the greater palatine foramen
  • — transmits the lesser palatine nerve and vessels
23
Q

Features of the Norma Basalis From Lateral to Medial

A
  • mastoid process of the temporal bone
  • stylomastoid foramen: lies between the styloid and the mastoid processes
  • — allowing passage of the facial nerve (CN VII) from within the temporal bone
  • styloid process
  • Foramen Ovale
24
Q

Intermediate area of the Norma Basalis

A
  • mandibular fossa: which accommodates the condyle of the mandible
  • — mandible not seen, just a big dent where it should be
  • tympanic plate: forms the anterior wall of the external auditory meatus and the posterior wall of the mandibular fossa
  • external auditory meatus: lies behind the mandibular fossa
25
Q

Middle area of the Norma Basalis

A
  • Jugular Foramen: a large opening through which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass
  • Carotid Canal: immediately anterior to the jugular foramen and separated from it only by a small wedge of bone
26
Q

Posterior Section of the Norma Basalis

A
  • Foramen Magnum
  • Occipital Condyles: bumps on each side of the foramen magnum
  • Hypoglossal canal: in the rim of the foramen magnum
27
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

A
  • named for the two bones that comprise the joint
  • — temporal and mandible
  • modified hinge joint
  • articular tubercle: a jutting out of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone right next to the mandibular fossa
  • — keeps the condyle in the fossa
  • mandibular fossa: where the mandible connects to the temporal bone
  • condyle of the mandible: the part of the mandible that fits into the fossa
28
Q

Mandible Features

A
  • condyle: the posterior process, the one that fits into the fossa
  • coronoid process: the smaller anterior process
  • Ramus: the body
29
Q

Movements of the Mandible

A
  • elevation/depression: closing/opening the jaw
  • protrusion/retrusion: overbite/underbite
  • lateral excursion: side to side motion of teeth grinding
30
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Lateral Pterygoid
31
Q

Temporalis

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
    • temporal fossa (parietal and temporal bones)
      - tip of coronoid process on the mandible
    • gives a lot of force behind bite
32
Q

Masseter

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
  • has a deep and superficial part
    1. - zygomatic bone and arch
  • angle and lateral surface/ramus of the mandible
    2. close the jaw
33
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
  • goes laterally over the TMJ
  • deep to the masseter
    1. - two heads: from sphenoid
  • both: capsule, disc, condyle
    2. - protrusion of the lower jaw
34
Q

Medial Pterygoid

  1. Attachments
  2. Action
  3. Innervation
A
  • deep to the masseter
  • diagonal, below the lateral pterygoid
    1. - lateral pterygoid plate
  • tuberosity of maxilla
  • medial ramus of mandible
  • — jaw angle, the square corner

Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

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