Mod 4 Darwin's Contribution Flashcards
Who came up with the idea of evolution by natural selection idependently?
Who came up with the idea of evolution by natural selection idependently?
Where did Charles go in 1831
On beagle expedition as a naturalist/companion to captain.
T/F Darwin was not interested in nature and wanted to study theology
False, Darwin WAS original interested in nature.
On the voyage, what happened?
Darwin noted changes in the earth and he read Lyell’s geology book. Also gathered fossils.
Who came up with the idea of evolution by natural selection independently?
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin
Who’s work was Lyell’s work based off?
James Hutton
Darwin’s conclusions that species?
Evolved into current forms where they were.
Only evolution can explain common traits.
Darwins conclusions that species?
Evolved into current forms where they were.
Only evolution can explain common traits.
When did darwin start writing?
1844, wallace and darwin started to connect 1858.
Alfred Wallace
Had an identical view on natural selection as Darwin.
A theory in biology is most similar to:
A law in physics
Theory
Overarching set of mechanism/principles that explain a major aspect of the natural world.
Hypothesis
The explanation for an observation, phenomenon, scientific problem that can be tested by experimentation.
Instead of evolution, Darwin liked to say
Descent with modification
What did anatomist note?
Similarities of structures between different species.
Homology
Having the same relation in position or structure; from a common ancestor.
Common descent idea?
Idea that all species are related and came from a common ancestor.
Common trait of mammalia?
Milk production.
Traits that are similar (but different) in two or more species because they were modified from a trait in a common ancestor are called:
Homologous characterisitcs
Before darwin vs when he studied natural selection.
there should be a more simple explanation to evolution: natural selection. Vs great chain of being, nervous fluids, etc.
Thomas Malthus
Economist, influences Darwin/Wallace.
Notedpopulations would always outgrow resources.
Noted organisms grow and reproduce quickly.
Natural selection
differences in phenotypes of indv. that allow them to survive/reproduce better.
Logic behind NS Fact 1
All species have great potential fertility that their pop size would increase exponentially.
Fact 2
Except for minor fluctuations and occasional major fluctuations, population size is normally stable.
Fact 3
Natural resources are limited. In stable env, they are relatively constant
Inference from fact 1-3
More indv are produced than can be supported, therefore, struggle for existence, which only a small progeny survives, which those who survive will be the progeny of the next generation.
Fact 4
No two indv are the same
Fact 5
The variation is heritable
Inference from those facts
Survival from the struggle is not random but depends on inherited traits, this unequal survival defines natural selection.
Continuing gradual change in populations over generations, eventual lead to a different/ new species.
What else to darwin write about?
Sexual and human selection/evolution.
Heredity/genetics (Mendel)
DNA
Techniques today
molecular biology
modern synthesis- genetics, paleontology, ecology.
