Mod 4 Flashcards
Binary digit 1 or 0
Bit
Grouping of eight digits
Byte
Grouping of 16 digits
Word
The left-most bit represents a positive or negative number
Sign bit
Represents text Data American Standard code for information interchange and is 7 bits
ASCII
All eight bits to represent 256
Extended ASCII
16 bit character encoding system capable of representing the alphabets and symbols of all the world’s languages
Unicode
Continuous signal with the potential for an infinite amount of signal resolution
Analog signal
Sequence of discrete values
Digital signal
Reduces file size without losing quality
Lossless compression
Reduces file size but loses some quality
Lossy compression
Letters that follow the . of a filename
File extension
Normally the first few bytes within a file and has nothing to do with the files name
File signature
Scientific notion for very large or small numbers
Order of magnitude
Use of electronic switches to solve Boolean functions and is fundamental to how computers are built and handle data
Digital logic
Electronic device that performs a Boolean operation
Logic gate
Interfaces with the processor memory and one or more peripheral devices
I/O table
Expression composed of Boolean variables and connectives
Boolean expression
A collection of logic gates configured to perform a particular function
Digital circuit
Allows instructions and data to be stored in memory rather than being manually entered
Stored program concept
Small amounts of storage space used to perform operations two types, GPR and SPR
Registers
The vocab of commands understood by the CPU and is therefore an interface that allows all software to run on Hardware
Instruction set architecture ISA
A short character sequence, this represents instructions for LMC to execute
Mnemonics
Machine code that numonics map directly to the first digit in LMC instructions, represents the operation to be performed
Opcode
The last two digits in LMC instructions represents the object to be manipulated
Operand
Instruction cycle for the LMC
Fetch decode execute F-D-E
The stored program concept is made up of what three components
CPU memory and I/O
What are the LMC registers
Accumulator GPR program counter spr instruction register spr memory address spr memory data spr
What is the LMC’S GPR
Accumulator
List the LMC’s SPR’s
Program counter
instruction register
memory address
memory data
What is the mnemonic for opcode 5
Load or LDA
What is the mnemonic for opcode 9
Input or INP
This is a complex instruction set computer
CISC
Computer architecture using one instruction for one operation
RISC
This is a memory to register architecture
X86
RISC based processor that runs smartphones and tablets
Advanced RISC machine
This is stored in memory by most significant byte first
Big Endian
This is stored in memory by least significant byte first
Little endian
this is when any task done by software can be done by Hardware in any operation performed directly by Hardware can be done using software
Principle of equivalence
This is used by ARM each instruction contains three operands they waste space but are faster and result in good performance
Fixed-length instruction
These are some instructions within the ISA and are different sizes
Variable length instruction
Hardwired software programs on top of hard wire to implement the ISA
Microprogrammed
X86 architecture that supports data processing operations on both the register and memory
Memory to register
Used by RISC architecture that supports data processing operations performed in registers and never directly in memory
Load / store
Implementation technique that allows overlapping execution of multiple instructions in a single fetch decode execute (F-D-E) datapath
Pipe lining
Uses a single fetch decode data path leading to multiple ALU’S allowing for more than one instruction per clock cycle
Sperscalar processor
