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CD 1201 > Mod 4 > Flashcards

Mod 4 Flashcards

1
Q

TOXIC ALOPECIA

ALOPECIA AREATA

ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS

A 
TOXIC ALOPECIA (top of mans head)
ALOPECIA AREATA (spot baldness)
ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS – rapid loss of hair     including eye lashes and eye brows
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2
Q

NITS/LICE

A

NITS/LICE - NITS–> LICE 3-14 DAYS

NITS CREAMY/YELLOWISH, OVOID

SEVERE ITCHING & EXCORIATION – scratching causing lesion

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3
Q

fine, oily hair with hair loss; won’t hold a perm

coarse, dry hair; tendency to break; distributed sparsely

A

Hyperthyroidism: fine, oily hair with hair loss; won’t hold a perm

Hypothyroidism: coarse, dry hair; tendency to break; distributed sparsely

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4
Q

periorbital edema, dry puffy face

patient with severe hypothyroidism has a dull, puffy facies. The edema, often particularly pronounced around the eyes, does not pit with pressure. The hair and eyebrows are dry coarse, and thinned. The skin is dry.

A

Myxedema

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5
Q

rounded, moon face, red cheeks

A

cushing

The increased adrenal hormone production of Cushing’s syndrome produces a round or “moon” face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present in the mustache and sideburn areas and on the chin.

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6
Q

enlarged bones, enlarged ears, nose, and lips

A

The increased growth hormone of acromegaly produces enlargement of both bone and soft tissues. The head is elongated, with bony prominence of the forehead, nose and lower jaw. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and ears also enlarge. The facial features appear generally coarsened.

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7
Q

lid retraction, protruding eyes (EXOPTHALMOS)

A

Graves is anautoimmune disease that affects thethyroid.It frequently results in and is the most common cause ofhyperthyroidism.It also often results in an enlarged thyroid.Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, afast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat,diarrhea, and weight loss. Other symptoms may include thickening of the skin on the shins, known as pretibial myxedema, and eye bulging, a condition caused by Graves’ opthalmopathy.

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8
Q

Bell’s palsy - which nerve is affected

A

Facial nerve palsy (CN 7) - Symptoms include: Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of your face that causes it to droop (this is the main symptom and may make it hard for you to close your eye on that side of your face), drooling, eye problems such as excessive tearing or a dry eye, loss of ability to taste, pain in or behind your ear, numbness in the affected side of your face, increased sensitivity to sound.

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9
Q

What does FACIES stand for?

A

facial expression

all regions/symmetry (arteries, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, etc.)

contour/edema (parotid gland enlargement, torticollis

Involuntary movements (horizontal bobbing - parkinson’s, nodding - aortic insufficiency, tics - tourettes, fasciculations)

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10
Q

What should a normal lymph node feel like?

Name some regions where you can find lymph nodes in head & neck?

A

small, rubbery, non-tender, not warm, fully mobile

preauricular, postauricular, occiptal, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, posterior cervical, deep cervical, supraclavicular

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11
Q

When ausc. an enlarged thyroid, what are you listening for? What is this indicative of?

A

bruit - suggesting hypervascularity - hyperthyroidism

A BRUIT IS A NOISE RESULTING FROM VIBRATIONS OF THE WALLS OF THE ARTERIES PRODUCED WHEN THERE IS PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION TO BLOOD FLOW

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12
Q

When examining the trachea/thyroid area - downward tugging with pulse suggests what?

A

aortic aneurysm

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13
Q

What would an abnormal lymph node feel like?

A
  • PALPABLE, LARGE, IRREGULAR
  • FIXED TO TISSUE
  • HARD, FIRM = CA; SOFT SPONGY =INFLAMMATION
  • TENDER = INFLAMMATION
  • HEAT FELT
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14
Q

ethmoidal sinusitis - pain where?

maxillary sinusitis - pain where?

A

behind/between eyes - splitting headache

maxilla, teeth, frontal-ish

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15
Q

Recurrent Sinusitis or sinusitis lasting more than ___ weeks and caused by previous acute sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, allergies, growths in the sinuses (nasal polyps) ,deviated septum or other anatomical conditions, and fungi.

A

12

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16
Q

T or F: chronic sinusitis most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults, smokers, immunocompromised, diabetics

A

T

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17
Q

EPISTAXIS

A

NOSE BLEEDS

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18
Q
  • ALLERGIC “ Hay fever”
  • Red, itchy eyes, seasonal
  • Viral common cold associated
  • Non specific nasal hyperactivitry
A

RHINITIS

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19
Q

Lips

blue lips
inflamed lips

A

Cyanosis

Cheilitis

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20
Q

MELANIN

CAROTENE

OXYHEMOGLOBIN

DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN

PALLOR

CYANOSIS

CENTRAL CYANOSIS

PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS

JAUNDICE

A

MELANIN-BROWNISH

CAROTENE- YELLOW

OXYHEMOGLOBIN-RED

DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN-BLUE

PALLOR- PALE SKIN

CYANOSIS- INCREASED DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN

CENTRAL CYANOSIS- DECREASED O2 IN BLOOD

PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS- O2+/- NORMAL or DECREASED FLOW

JAUNDICE- YELLOWING OF SKIN (picture

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21
Q

THE SPEED WITH WHICH THE FOLD RETURNS TO PLACE

A

TURGOR

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22
Q

Screening Moles (and for melanoma)

A
B
C
DE

A 
ABCDE
A-asymmetry
B-borders-irregular
C-colour or colour variability/change in colour
D- diameter- > 6mm
E- elevation/evolution
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23
Q

non cancerous, brown, waxy bump

A

BENIGN EPITHELIAL LESIONS I.E.SEBBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

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24
Q

red, raised bumpy area

A

BENIGN VASCULAR LESIONS I.E. CAPILLARY HEMANGIOM

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25
Q

nerve sheath tumour in peripheral nervous system

A

BENIGN NEURAL TUMOURS I.E. NEUROFIBROMA

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26
Q

most common soft tissue tumour, usually moveable and painless

A

BENIGN TUMOURS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE I.E. LIPOMA

27
Q

usually give off heat, and contain yellow puss and protrude out from the skin

A

BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS I.E. FURUNCLE

28
Q

NAME ONE VIRAL SKIN INFECTION

A

HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)

29
Q

Dark crusty patches, sometimes containing puss

Usually from stress, humidity, or tight fitting clothes

A

CUTANEOUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS I.E. TINEA CORPORIS

30
Q

inflammation caused by itchy, flaking patches

A

ECZEMA (DERMATITIS)

31
Q

Tinea capitis - hairloss where?

A

right at the top of the head (can be in young boys too)

32
Q

Clubbing of the fingers - indicative of?

A

CV related issue

33
Q

Cap. refill - within __ seconds

A

3

34
Q

problem is in external or middle ear

problem is in the inner ear, cochlear nerve or hearing centres in the brain

A

Conductive hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss

35
Q

Weber test - place vibrating tuning fork on head ask patient if they hear better in one ear or another or the same

A

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS- SOUND IS BETTER IN BAD EAR

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS- SOUND IS BETTER IN GOOD EAR

36
Q

AC>BC

BC>AC/BC=AC

A

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS - Transmission of sound is heard better through air than through bone because cochlear nerve or inner ear is unable to transmit vibrations. As in age related hearing loss.

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS - Transmission of sound heard better through bone than air due to blockage of sound transmission through canal via air and tympanic membrane as in obstruction of canal

37
Q

OTITIS EXTERNA

A

swimmers ear

38
Q

bony growth in ear due to cold water exposure

A

surfers ear

39
Q

Myopia
Hyperopia
Presbyopia

A

Myopia  near sightedness
Hyperopia far sighted
Presbyopia ^ with age = progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects

40
Q

clouding of the lens inside the eye

A

CATARACTS

41
Q

optic nerve damage with fluid pressure in eye

A

GLAUCOMA

42
Q

pink eye

front part of eye becomes inflammed

A

CONJUNCTIVITIS

KERITITIS

43
Q

infection of the sebaceous glands

A

HORDEOLUM/STY

44
Q

drooping of upper/lower eyelid

lower eyelid turns outward,
eye lid folds inward

immobility of upper eyelid on downward rotation of eye indicating ___?____

A

PTOSIS

ECTROPION

ENTROPION

LID LAG - grave’s disease

45
Q

Mneumonic for eyelids

A 
S  =  SYMMETRY
I   =  INFLAMMATION
M  =  MASSES
P   =  POSITION
L   =  LASHES
E   =  EDEMA
46
Q

Purpose of the cover un-cover test

A

muscle balance - nystagmus

47
Q

Strabismus

A

weak, lazy eye

would be muscular or neuro

48
Q

Markers of neuro disease (eye)

  • PUPIL DILATION (LARGE/REGULAR)
  • DIMINISHED OR ABSENT CONSTRICTION TO LIGHT
  • SLOW NEAR REACTION
  • DECREASED OR ABSENT DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
  • W 25-45 YRS; ETIOLOGY ?
A

ADIES MYOTONIC PUPIL

49
Q
  • SMALL, IRREGULAR, BILATERAL
    • NO REACTION TO LIGHT
    • NEAR EFFORT PRESENT
    • OFTEN NEUROSYPHILIS
A

ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPIL

50
Q
  • ONE PUPIL, SMALL, REGULAR
    • REACTIVE LIGHT AND NEAR EFFORT
    • SYMPATHETIC PARALYSIS
    • MIOSIS, PTOSIS AND ANHYDROSIS
    • WHIPLASH INJURY (MAIN CAUSE)
A

HORNER’S SYNDROME

51
Q
  • INJURY TO OCULOMOTOR NERVE
  • DILATED PUPIL WITH NO REACTION
    (LIGHT OR NEAR EFFORT)
A

OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS

52
Q

7CORNEAL REFLEX
SENSATION - CRANIAL NERVE __
MOTOR - CRANIAL NERVE __

A

5

7

53
Q

IN VISUAL FIELD 15 DEGREES TEMPORAL LINE OF GAZE

LACK OF RETINAL RECEPTORS OVERLYING OPTIC DISC

A

OVAL BLIND SPOT

54
Q

What colour is the optic disc?

A

yellow/orange

creamy pink

55
Q
  • Not always visible
  • Nerve fibers & capillaries sparse
  • Yellowish white
  • <1/2 horizontal diameter of disc
A

PHYSIOLOGIC CUP

56
Q

T or F: veins in the eyes are brighter red, larger, and has no light reflex

A

F - it is darker red - all other points are true

57
Q

DEATH OF OPTIC NERVE FIBERS LEADS TO LOSS OF TINY DISC VESSELS; COLOUR IS _____

A

white

58
Q

Glaucoma - what would you expect to see in the eye

A
  • BACKWARD DEPRESSION OF DISC & ATROPHY
  • PHYSIOLOGIC CUP ENLARGED - GLAUCOMATOUS CUPPING
  • CONSTRICTION OF VESSELS ON DISC –> OPTIC ATROPHY (PALE,WHITE DISC)
59
Q
  • VENOUS STASIS DUE TO ENGORGEMENT & SWELLING
  • PINK, HYPEREMIC
  • DISC VESSELS MORE VISIBLE/NUMEROUS
  • DISC MARGINS - BLURRED
  • CUP - NOT VISIBLE
  • CAUSES: 1. INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE 2. MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION 3. THROMBOSIS CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN
A

Papilledema

60
Q
  1. MAY BE NARROWING OF LIGHT REFLEX
  2. ARTERIOLE MAY –> FULL & TORTUOUS & –> LIGHT REFLEX COPPER WIRE ARTERIOLE (CLOSE TO DISC)
  3. NARROWED ARTERIOLE MAY DEVELOP OPAQUE WALL (NO BLOOD VISIBLE) SILVER WIRE ARTERIOLE (SMALL BRANCHES)
A

Hypertension

61
Q

Neurovascularization - common cause is what condition?

A

late stage diabetic retinopathy

62
Q
  • TINY ROUND RED SPOTS
  • MINUTE BULGING OF VERY SMALL RETINAL VESSELS
  • OFTEN IN MACULA AREA
  • CHARACTERISTIC OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
A

Microaneurysms

63
Q

Cotton Wool Patches - results from what? r

A

infarcted nerve fibers

hypertension and other conditions

64
Q

Addison’s disease - what about the palms?

A

hyper pigmentation

CD 1201 (1 decks)

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