MOD 4-6 Flashcards
Your _______ interacts with life experiences good and bad to determine resiliency and sensitivity to stress
Genetic Makeup
Who provides mental health support?
-Occupational Therapist
-Counsellor
-Psychotherapists
-Clinical Psychologist
-Psychiatrist
What does the Stepped Care Model assume?
- Every step is evidence-based and effective
- This is a way to rationalizes and economize healthcare resources that are often limited
- Care provided is acceptable to patients so that it each level is convenient,
accessible, and has flexibility
What are 4 indicators that differentiate stress from a mental health disorder
- Disproportionate Reaction
- Time
(symptoms persitent for exteneded period/past stressor) - Impairment
(interfere with day-to-day life) - Out of Character
Tipping Point
Point at which someone begins showing signs and symptoms of the strain/burden of perceived stress (exceed optimal performance stress)
The 3 R’s
- Reading
- Writing
- Resetting
Stress Diathesis Model
Stress- triggers biological systems
Diathesis- concept of vulnerability
Stepped care approach
Aims to match individual patients to the level of service indicated based on
intensity of need
Steeling Effect
Refers to evidence of more resistance to later stress having successfully coped with a stress or challenge earlier in life
Specialized primary care providers
-Psychiatry
-Psychological Therapy
-Self-Help and Peer Support
-Counselling
Social isolation
An objective measurement of the number of people you interact with a.k.a it ‘s a lack of quantity of social conenctions
Signs and Symptoms of Depression
Emotional
-Feeling sad
-Non-reactive mood
-Feeling despair
Physical
-Changes in sleep
-Changes in appetite
-Pain, headaches
Behavioural
-Withdrawing from friends and family
-Staying in more, missing work or university
Cognitive
-Feelings of guilt
-Suicidal thoughts
-Feelings of hopelessness
Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety
Emotional
-on edge
-irritable
-not fully enjoying things
Physical
-Restless
-Muscle Tension
-Shortness of breath/hyperventilation
Behavioural
-Short temper/angry
-Difficulty sleeping
-Difficulty concentrating
Cognitive
-Apprehension
-Over-worry
-Distracted
Self-Help and Peer Support
Talk to other students that have been through similar
Use available resrouces (books/websites) to work through a problem
Resiliency
ability to adjust or recover from a stressor, threat, or adversity
Recreation
- refreshment by means of some pastime, agreeable exercise, or the like.
- a pastime, diversion, exercise, or other resource affording relaxation and enjoyment
Recover from DAF
-Clear mind/take breaks
-Good sleep
-Allow mind to wander
Psychotherapist
Licensed healthcare professionals with training in group and individual
psychological talking therapies.
Psychologicla approaches
-Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
-Behavioural Activation
-Supportive Counseling
-Interpersonal Psychotherapy (relieving symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning)
-Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Cognitive Processing Therapy (focuses on evaluating and changing upsetting thoughts)
Psychological therapy
Help young people with emotion/social/mental health isues of moderate severity
Psychiatry
Assess and treat moderate-severe mental health conditions/disorder that require combined psychological and pharmacological treatment
Psychiatrist
Medical doctors with extensive speciality training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, integrating pharmacological treatment
Proximal Protective Factors
-hleahty coping straegies
-good sleep hygiene
-no substance miuse
-study-life balance
Proximal (more recent/uni) Risk Factors
-social isolation
-abusive relationship
-alcohol binging
-poor sleep quality
-non-regular exercise
Primary Care Provider (family doctor)
-Coordinates your health and meath health
-First in line for mental health concerns assessment
Physiologic Response
The brain controls and coordinates the physiological, psychological, and behavioural response to perceived stress
The responses result through signalling of various systems including the HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, metabolic system, gut, and immune system
Physical exercise leads to
-Positive Emotion
-Unity of mind & body
-Higher self esteem
-Leisure
-Problem-Focused Coping
Percieved stress
The brain processes information from your internal (e.g. level of hydration, hormonal state) and external (work, friends, family) environment.
Given your genetics and life experience, your brain reacts differently to the same stress.
Other factors you must balance with studying
-Socializing
-Employment
-Voluntering
-Communiting
-Holidays
-Exercise
-Caring for someone
-Hobbies/Interest
Other factors to consider for diagnostic assessment of a mental disorder are
-Developmental history
-Family history
-Symptoms
-Treatment (worsening of treatment tried)
-Other factors (lifestyle, alcohol misuse)
-Relational and Social factors
Occupational therapist
Specialize in assessment and intervention focused on helping people resume or maintain participation in a variety of activities
(ex. helping students achieve helahty schedule/study-life balance)
Models of psychotherapy
- cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
- interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
- psychodynamic psychotherapy
Managing Distress
learning how to cope with negative or difficult emotional states
Loneliness can increase levels of teh sress hormone cortisol, causing
depression, stroke, or heart attack
Loneliness
The unpleasant feeling that accompanies the perception that one’s social needs are not being met by the quantity or quality of one’s social connections
Involuntary Attention (fascination)
Effortless
Attention held when the subject is interesting and, therefore, automatically holds your attention.
Impacts of Isolation
-Physical
-Emotional
-Cogntive
Impact of over-studying
-Impact relationship with others
-Interfere with ability to fulfil non-study obligations
-Increase chances of unhealhty behaviours
How does stress affect brain structure
Brain changes structure in an adaptive or maladaptive way
Loss of resilience (physiologically, neurologically, and behaviourally) is a key feature of disorders related to stress
How can Allostatic load be alleviated
-healthy diet
-regular cardiovascular exercise
-social support
-connectedness (sense of belonging)
-good quality sleep
GLAM
Galleries, Libraries, Arts, Museums
Flow state
state you get into when you are so engaged in a creative task that your sense of time disappears and you temporarily forget yourself and your “internal chaos”
Exercise releases feel-good chemicals called
endorphins
Examples of Involuntary Attention
watching animals or birds, looking at nature scenes or water, watching sports, or listening to music
Examples of Directed Attention
driving in heavy traffic, study, computer work, phone calls at working in
Effects of Loneliness
-increased cortisol
-increased sleep disturbance
-reduced activity
-increased risk of heart disease
-challenge immune system
Distal protective factors
-secure attachemnts
-compassioante relationship
-safe/secure home
Distal (early on) Risk Factors
-trauma/abuse in childhood
-poor quality of nutrition/sleep/recreational opportunities
-family history of mental disorders
Directed Attention Fatigue (DAF)
Neuropsychological phenomenon indicating overuse of the brain’s inhibitory system necessary for maintaining focused attention
Directed Attention
Form of focused attention that requires great effort to remain on task and
process the information
Mentally demanding as more appealing external information must be blocked out.
Determinants of mental helath can be thought in terms of
risk (distal, proximal) & protective factors
Determinants of mental healht can be thought of in 3 domains
-Biological
-Psychological
-Social
Depression and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in ____ compared to ____
females
males
Current Campus Resources at Queens
- Queen’s Student Health and Wellness Services (QSWS)
- Queen’s Student Accessibility Services (QSAS) (part of QSWS)
- Psychology Clinic at Queen’s University
Counsellor
Short-term
Problem-focused
-Support healthy coping, emotional and behavioural regulation, and healthy lifestyle choices
Counselling
-Short term
-Problem focused
-Strengthen healthy coping, problem-solving, and emotional response management
Connectedness
A personal sense of belonging
Can be made on the basis of
1. World views
2. Environment
3. Values
4. Relationships
5. Work
6. Recreational intrests
Community Based Services
- Hospital-Based Services
- Publicly Funded Community-Based Services
- Private and Fee-for-Service Options
Clinical Psychologist
Registered healthcare professionals regulated by the College of Psychologists of Ontario (CPO)
Well suited for mild-moderate mental health problems
Work with a team for moderate to severe mental disorders
Categories of recreation
-Exercise
-Nature
-Cultural & Heritage Activities
Brain responsibilities
Regulates an individual’s physical, emotional, behavioural, and cognitive response to stressors, events, and experiences
benefits of Social Connectedness
-Improve Quality of Life
-Boost Mental Health
-Increased Life Expectancy
-Decrease Risk of Suicide
-Build More Inclusive Learning Communities
Benefits of interacting with nature
-Physical Health
-Stress
-Emotional Regulation
-Social Life
Benefits of GLAM lifestyle
- Longevity
- Resiliency
- Community Connectedness
Benefits of achieving a healthy study-life balance
-Health & Absences
-Efficiency
-Engagement
-Focus & Concentration
-Academic Success
Barrier to mental health care
- Stigma-Related Barriers
- Attitudinal Barriers (invalidate own/other’s concerns)
- Practical Barriers (cost, time, availability of services)
Attention Restoration Theory
Suggests that you think better (or restore your attention) when you spend time in or connecting with nature
Areas impacted by Directed Attention Fatique
-Input Deficits (misinterpretations, failure to notice social cues)
-Thinking Problems
-Behaviour (implusive)
-Executive Functioning (bad decision-making)
-Emotions
-Worrying and Rumination
Allostatic Load
Refers to the wear and tear on the body and brain resulting from chronic dysregulation or overactivity/strain related to the process of allostasis.
Allostasis-induced brain plasticity is triggered by
STRESS
Allostasis
Process by which the body adapts to changes in body such as stress
4 categories for symptom severity
No symptoms - Prevention and health promotion
Mild symptoms - Self-Help for Targeted Signs and Symptoms
Mild to Moderate symptoms - Social and/or Psychological Approaches
Moderate to Severe symptoms - Pharmacological and Psychological Approaches
2 types of attention
- Directed Attention
- Involuntary Attention
2 most common mental health disorders in Canada
-Anxiety disorders
-Depressive disorder
3 S’s
-Stress
-Sleep
-Self-Regulation
Synaptic pruning and myelination help the brain
Improve speed, efficiency, complexity of conflictive function
Grey matter
contains cell bodies and synapses
White matter
contains axons
grey matter is highest in
childhood
Grey matter begins to stabilize in
mid 20s
prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions develop
LATEST (involved in high level cognitive functions)
As grey matter decreases white matter
INCREASES
Indicators of a possible mental health concern
-Changes in feelings (sad/anxious, mood swings)
-Changes in behaviour (stop attending class, poor sleep)
-Changes in thinking (self-criticism, poor concentration)
-Sustained Change (difficult feelings that persist, interfere with friendships/school)
How to get mental health help
-24 hours hotline
-counselling
-family doctor
Why is there an increased demand for mental health in uni
-brain is undergoing accelerated growth
-many students are experiences changes (leave home)
-stigma related to reporting mental health issues is decreasing
-adjusting to new life events
Why are off-campus services not sufficient for students
-often target adult chronic illnesses
-Often not tailored to student demographic
-students need quick access
Key characteristics for good student uni help services
-engaging
-accessible
-compassionate
-helpful from first contact
-health promotion-focused
-single accessible point of entry to all services
-partner with students to concrete wellness services
