MOD 4 Flashcards
The study of components of variation and change in demographic variables and the relationships between them.
Demographic Analysis
The study of the relationships between demographic variables and other variables such as social and economic variables.
Population Study
It is a structure based on gender, race or other factors that can be inserted to.
Population Composition
The absolute number of a population or any demographic event occurring in a specified area in a specified time period.
Count
The relation of one population subgroup to the total population or to another subgroup; that is, one subgroup divided by another.
Ratio
The frequency of demographic events in population during a specified time period divided by the population “at risk” of the event occurring during that time period.
Rate
-70 new cases of breast cancer per 1,000 women per year*
-the proportion of people exposed to a particular risk factor who develop the health event over a defined period.
Attack Rate/Incidence Proportion/Risk
-20 or 130 persons developed diarrhea after attending a picnic.
- measures the frequency of new cases of a specific health event within a population at risk over a defined period.
Incidence Rate
-70 influenza case-patients in March 2019 reported in Taguig City.
- measures the total number of cases (both new and existing) of a health event in a population at a specific point in time.
Prevalence Rate
-2 deaths due to HIV in Pasay City.
-measures the proportion of individuals with a particular health condition who die as a result of that condition.
Case-fatality Rate
The relation of a population subgroup to the entire population; that is, a population subgroup divided by the entire population.
Proportion
An unchanging, arbitrary number by which rates, ratios, or proportions can be multiplied to express these measures in a more understandable fashion.
Constant
A statistic that measures events occurring to a COHORT (a group of people sharing a common demographic experience) who are observed through time.
Cohort Measure
A statistic that measures events occurring to all or part of a population during one period of time.
Period Measure
Sources of Population Data
Census
Sample registration survey
Registration of live events
Institutional records
It is defined as branch of biometry which deals with data and the law of human mortality, morbidity and demography‖. These are collected, compiled and then analyse.
Vital Statistics
the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a specified time or times, to all persons in a country or delimited territory. It has ten years interval
Census
(in fact, whether by right or not) - the method is to list all persons present in the household or other living quarters at midnight of the census day or all who passed the night there.
De facto census
(by right) - all persons who usually live in the household are listed on the form whether they are present or not. Visitors who have a usual residence elsewhere are excluded from the listing but are counted at their usual residence.
De jure census
each individual is enumerated separately and characteristics of each person are recorded separately. The census covers a precisely defined territory and includes every person present or residing within its scope. defined reference period. q The census is taken at regular intervals.
Modern census
These are used when these changes cannot be measured directly, as for example health or nutritional status. If measured sequentially over time they can indicate direction and speed of change and serves to compare different areas and groups of people at the same moment in time.
Health Indicators
They should actually measure what they are supposed to measure
Valid
The answers should be the same if measured by different people in similar circumstances.
Reliable
They should be sensitive in the situation concerned
Sensitive
They should reflect changes only in the situation concerned
Specific
They should have the ability to obtain data needed
Feasible
They should contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon
Relevant
- Can be used for perinatal, neonatal, child, maternal and other more specific variables
- Crude death rate, cause-specific death rate, proportionate mortality, death-to-case ratio, neonatal mortality rate, post-neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate
Mortality Indicators
Incidence proportion/attack rate/ risk, secondary attack rate, incidence rate/person time rate, point prevalence, and period prevalence.
Morbidity Indicators
No of days of restricted activity, bed disability rate, work/days lost within a specific period
Event Type Indicators
- Limitation of mobility
- Limitation of activity
Person Type Indicator
- Low birth weight, under weight (weight for age), stunting (height for age), total goiter age, iodized salt coverage, vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anemia (pregnant women), iron deficiency anemia (pre-school children)
Nutritional Status Indicators
- Healthcare workers per 10,000 patients
- Physicians, nurses, midwives, dentists, pharmacists (and of course medical technologists/clinical laboratory scientists)
Healthcare Delivery Indicators
- Actual coverage expressed as the proportion of people in need of a service who actually receive it in a given period, usually a year. Utilization rates give some indication of the care needed by a population, and therefore the health status of the population.
- A relationship exists between utilization of health care services and health needs and status.
Utilization Rates
- Fatigue, sleep impairment, GHQ score.
- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) consists of 12 items, each assessing the severity of a mental problem over the past few weeks using a 4-point scale (from 0 to 3)
Social and Mental Health Indicators
- These Indicators reflect the quality of physical and biological environment in which diseases occur and in which people live.
Environmental Indicators
- These indicators do not directly measure health. These are of importance in interpretation of indicators of health care.
- Urban population (%), % living in formal dwelling, serious crime rate per 100,000, contribution to GDP (%), unemployment rate (%), gini index (for income inequality)
Socioeconomic Indicators
- Policy on: physical environment and ecology; socio-economic environment; lifestyle, behavior and risk factors; genetic endowment; and health system.
Health Policy Indicators
- Income and job, housing conditions, health, education, environmental quality, personal security, civic engagement, work-life balance, infrastructure and services, mobility, and culture and leisure.
Quality of Life Indicators
