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Module 3 EPRI > Mod 3 - 1 > Flashcards

Mod 3 - 1 Flashcards

Basic Atomic and Nuclear Physics

1
Q

ratio of fast neutrons from all fission events to the fast neutrons from thermal fission

A

fast fission factor

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2
Q

ratio of the fast neutrons that start to slow down to the number of neutrons produced from all fission events

A

fast non-leakage probability factor

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3
Q

ratio of the number of neutrons that become thermal to the number of neutrons that begin to slow down

A

resonance escape probability factor

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4
Q

ratio of the thermal neutrons absorbed in the core to the number of fast neutrons that become thermal

A

thermal non-leakage probability factor

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5
Q

ratio of thermal neutrons absorbed in the fuel to the number of neutrons absorbed in the core

A

thermal utilization factor

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6
Q

number of fast neutrons released as a result of thermal neutron absorption in the fuel

A

reproduction factor

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7
Q

The kinetic energy from fission fragments
accounts for what % of the energy released?

A

80%

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8
Q

What carries a negative charge?

A

Electrons

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9
Q

What carries a positive charge and resides in nucleus?

A

Protons

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9
Q

E=mc^2

A

E is Energy, m is mass or Atomic Mass, and C squared is velocity or the speed of light squared.

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9
Q

What reside in the nucleus, does not have a charge and are considered neutral?

A

Neutrons

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10
Q

A large unstable nucleus emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons (a helium nucleus) and decays to a
smaller, more stable, daughter product.

A

Alpha decay

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11
Q

An abundance of neutrons or protons in the nucleus causing instability. When a proton is converted into a neutron (or vice versa) and a charged particle and neutrino are released.
The result is an atom with the same mass number but an atomic number of + or – 1.

A

Beta decay (plus/positron and minus)

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12
Q

Condition in which the neutron population is decreasing each generation.

A

Sub-critical Keff < 1

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13
Q

What is the condition where the neutron chain reaction is self-sustaining, and the neutron population is neither increasing nor decreasing.

A

Critical Keff = 1

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14
Q

What is the condition in which the neutron population is increasing each generation?

A

Supercritical Keff > 1

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15
Q

What is a type of ionizing radiation?

A

Gamma rays

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16
Q

Which fission product poison has the greatest impact on reactivity?

A

Xenon-135

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17
Q

In an atom, the nucleus contains the ____________ and ___________, while the _____________ orbit the nucleus.

A

protons; neutrons; electrons

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18
Q

Which decay process is characterized by the emission of x-rays?

A

Bremsstrahlung

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19
Q

Approximately 81% of the energy from fission is in the form of _________________________.

A

kinetic energy from fission fragments

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20
Q

Which of the following neutrons has the highest energy level?

A

Fast neutrons

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21
Q

Which of the following is a method common to all reactor types for shutdown?

A

Inserting control rods

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22
Q

The charge of the proton is ______________ and the charge of the neutron is _______________.

A

positive; neutral

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23
Q

The identification of isotopes is possible by reviewing the ____________ emitted and factoring in the isotope _______________.

A

energy; half-life

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24
Q

Reactivity is described with K eff by assessing the number of _____________ that are available for fission reactions.

A

nuetrons

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25
Q

Which equation describes the relationship between mass and energy?

A

E=MC^2

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26
Q

A/An ___________________ is naturally present in the core due to the make up of core components.

A

intrinsic source

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27
Q

The number of protons in an atom is represented by the _________ number?

A

atomic

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28
Q

The primary source of fission products in the reactor coolant system is the _________________.

A

nuclear fuel

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29
Q

The number of protons in an atom is equal to the ________________.

A

atomic number

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30
Q

How many neutrons are present?
subscript 72 superscript 162 H f

A

90

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31
Q

Which of the following will result in negative reactivity?

A

increased boron concentration

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32
Q

Where does decay heat come from?

A

Activated fuel

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33
Q

The fast non-leakage probability factor compares the number of neutrons that begin to __________ to the number of fast neutrons produced through all fission events.

A

slow down

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34
Q

Which mode of decay releases electromagnetic energy?

A

gamma

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35
Q

With Residual Heat Removal, what system is the heat transferred to?

A

Service water

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36
Q

Which system is responsible for transporting steam to the main turbine?

A

Main Steam

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37
Q

In a PWR, the steam that powers the turbine is created by heat transfer from the reactor coolant to the secondary coolant (water) in the ____________________.

A

Steam Generators

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38
Q

A Pressurized Water Reactor uses which of the following components to prevent boiling in the reactor vessel?

A

Pressurizer

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39
Q

Which chemical is added in a BWR to catalyze the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen?

A

platinum

40
Q

Steam generator ______________ is the process used to remove impurities by flushing water to the hotwell.

A

blowdown

41
Q

In radiolysis _______________ interacts with a water molecule and breaks it down into hydrogen and oxygen.

A

ionizing radiation

42
Q

This parameter can be used by both BWR and PWR to determine the condition of the fuel.

A

RCS activity

43
Q

What chemical do plants add to promote recombination following the radiolysis of water?

A

Hydrogen

44
Q

What chemical is added to secondary systems for oxygen scavenging in the steam generators?

A

hydrazine

45
Q

Which of the following parameters is used to assess conditions in the core for both BWR and PWR plants?

A

DEI (dose equivalent activity)

46
Q

What are biocides used for?

A

Microbiological growth

47
Q

Good plant chemistry minimizes the production of __________________ which create radiation fields after they’re activated.

A

corrosion products

48
Q

Effective plant chemistry controls the release of fission products by ensuring the integrity of the __________________.

A

fuel cladding

49
Q

Which of the following requires a formal, written response?

A

NRC Bulletin

50
Q

You are allowed to report potential violations without fear of retaliation from your employer under ______________________.

A

Employee Protection

51
Q

Guidance on managing a variety of issues within the nuclear industry can be found in ____________________.

A

NEI Technical Reports

52
Q

Licensing and Regulation of the commercial nuclear industry in the United States is performed by ______________________________.

A

NRC

53
Q

The results of research or incident investigations are released as ___________________________________________________________.

A

NUREG or U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations

54
Q

This document includes surveillance requirements and limiting conditions of operation related to safety.

A

Tech Specs

55
Q

For a nuclear power plant to operate, a _______________ must be granted by the NRC.

A

License

56
Q

The __________________________ set the standard for excellent performance and are used in plant evaluations.

A

Performance Objectives and Criteria

57
Q

The _____________________________ are rules and regulations that are recorded in the Federal Register.

A

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations

58
Q

This document includes inspections and acceptance criteria to validate that safety features will function as designed.

A

FSAR Final Safety Analysis Report

59
Q

Which of the following will cause reactivity to increase?

A

Decreased moderator temperature.

60
Q

Which of the following is a fission product?

A

Strontium-90

61
Q

Approximately 81% of the energy from fission is in the form of _________________________.

A

kinetic energy from fission fragments

62
Q

_________ is a form of ionizing radiation.

A

Gamma

63
Q

The identification of isotopes is possible by reviewing the ____________ emitted and factoring in the isotope _______________.

A

particle; half-life

64
Q

In the event of a plant alarm or condition such as a spill or medical emergency, site personnel will reference ______________________.

A

Abnormal procedures

65
Q

Cavitation erosion occurs due to the formation of __________, which collapse under ___________ and direct a microjet into the metal surface.

A

bubbles; high-pressure

66
Q

For metal fatigue to occur, a system is exposed to ________ cyclical loads and contains ______________ alloys.

A

high; susceptible

67
Q

If a surveillance does not meet the listed acceptance criteria, the system or component _____________ cannot be validated.

A

operability

68
Q

Neutron bombardment of metal atoms creates ________ in the metallic structure.

A

voids

69
Q

The idea of multiple, independent, and redundant layers of protection is central to _____________________.

A

Defense in depth

70
Q

In order for metal to be pulled into wire, it must have high

A

ductility

71
Q

Site Chemistry personnel ensure that _________ is within a set band to promote the formation of a _________________.

A

Dissolved oxygen; passive corrosion layer

72
Q

Which of the following has an established standard for stainless steel tubing?

A

ASME

73
Q

What is the unit of measure that describes the energy of thermal neutrons?

A

eV

74
Q

In the event of a plant alarm or condition such as a spill or medical emergency, site personnel will reference ______________________.

A

abnormal procedures

75
Q

If a surveillance does not meet the listed acceptance criteria, the system or component _____________ cannot be validated.

A

operability

76
Q

This document is required as part of the operating license.

A

Technical Specifications

77
Q

A/An ________________ is based on the most limiting design specification within a system.

A

safety limit

77
Q

Under certain conditions, the ductility of a metal can be reduced and the ______________ of the metal increases.

A

brittleness

78
Q

Which term is used to describe the change in length that occurs when making bends in tubing?

A

gain

79
Q

The elastic limit is associated with the maximum force that can be applied before it will _____________.

A

yield

80
Q

Which mode of decay is characterized by the emission of a helium nucleus?

A

Alpha

81
Q

Which mode of decay releases electromagnetic energy?

A

gamma

82
Q

Which of the following is a method for minimizing erosion corrosion?

A

Removing elbows from system piping

83
Q

Effective plant chemistry controls the release of fission products by ensuring the integrity of the __________________.

A

fuel cladding

84
Q

Materials with high __________ strength can be pulled with extreme force before breaking.

A

tensile strength

85
Q

In order for metal to be pulled into wire, it must have high

A

ductility

85
Q

When confronted with an unexpected condition, an engaged, thinking worker will ______________________.

A

stop and seek guidance

86
Q

Which of the following can help reduce system corrosion?

A

Using specific metal alloys

87
Q

Licensees must report any information that relates to a significant threat to safety, in accordance with __________________________.

A

completeness and accuracy of information

88
Q

Automatic reactor plant protection engages when ________________________.

A

a programmed setpoint is reached

89
Q

Which decay process is characterized by the emission of x-rays?

A

Bremsstrahlung

90
Q

Which of these is an example of automatic reactor plant protection?

A

A reactor scram on high pressure

91
Q

The safety limit in Technical Specifications ensures that certain parameters are maintained to prevent _______________________.

A

uncontrolled release of radioactivity

92
Q

What chemical do plants add to promote recombination following the radiolysis of water?

A

hydrogen

93
Q

The average energy of a prompt neutron created from fission reactions is ____________.

A

2 MeV

94
Q

These documents provide specific information to those with or seeking a license regarding implementation of NRC regulations.

A

Regulatory Guides

95
Q

Which handle on the tube bender is moved to align with the desired bend angle on the name plate?

A

Form handle

96
Q

The _____________________________ provide the technical basis for some plant limits and monitoring requirements

A

EPRI Water Chemistry Guidelines

97
Q

Electrons equal protons in a neutral atom. The bottom (atomic number) is the number of protons, so for a neutral atom of Hf, the number of electrons is also equal to 72

A

72

98
Q

How many neutrons are present?
subscript 72 superscript 162 H f

A

162 - 72 = 90

Module 3 EPRI (2 decks)

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