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Module 3 EPRI > Mod 3 - 1 > Flashcards

Mod 3 - 1 Flashcards

Basic Atomic and Nuclear Physics

1
Q

ratio of fast neutrons from all fission events to the fast neutrons from thermal fission

A

fast fission factor

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2
Q

ratio of the fast neutrons that start to slow down to the number of neutrons produced from all fission events

A

fast non-leakage probability factor

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3
Q

ratio of the number of neutrons that become thermal to the number of neutrons that begin to slow down

A

resonance escape probability factor

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4
Q

ratio of the thermal neutrons absorbed in the core to the number of fast neutrons that become thermal

A

thermal non-leakage probability factor

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5
Q

ratio of thermal neutrons absorbed in the fuel to the number of neutrons absorbed in the core

A

thermal utilization factor

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6
Q

number of fast neutrons released as a result of thermal neutron absorption in the fuel

A

reproduction factor

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7
Q

The kinetic energy from fission fragments
accounts for what % of the energy released?

A

80%

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8
Q

What carries a negative charge?

A

Electrons

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9
Q

What carries a positive charge and resides in nucleus?

A

Protons

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9
Q

E=mc^2

A

E is Energy, m is mass or Atomic Mass, and C squared is velocity or the speed of light squared.

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9
Q

What reside in the nucleus, does not have a charge and are considered neutral?

A

Neutrons

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10
Q

A large unstable nucleus emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons (a helium nucleus) and decays to a
smaller, more stable, daughter product.

A

Alpha decay

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11
Q

An abundance of neutrons or protons in the nucleus causing instability. When a proton is converted into a neutron (or vice versa) and a charged particle and neutrino are released.
The result is an atom with the same mass number but an atomic number of + or – 1.

A

Beta decay (plus/positron and minus)

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12
Q

Condition in which the neutron population is decreasing each generation.

A

Sub-critical Keff < 1

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13
Q

What is the condition where the neutron chain reaction is self-sustaining, and the neutron population is neither increasing nor decreasing.

A

Critical Keff = 1

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14
Q

What is the condition in which the neutron population is increasing each generation?

A

Supercritical Keff > 1

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15
Q

What is a type of ionizing radiation?

A

Gamma rays

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16
Q

Which fission product poison has the greatest impact on reactivity?

A

Xenon-135

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17
Q

In an atom, the nucleus contains the ____________ and ___________, while the _____________ orbit the nucleus.

A

protons; neutrons; electrons

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18
Q

Which decay process is characterized by the emission of x-rays?

A

Bremsstrahlung

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19
Q

Approximately 81% of the energy from fission is in the form of _________________________.

A

kinetic energy from fission fragments

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20
Q

Which of the following neutrons has the highest energy level?

A

Fast neutrons

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21
Q

Which of the following is a method common to all reactor types for shutdown?

A

Inserting control rods

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22
Q

The charge of the proton is ______________ and the charge of the neutron is _______________.

A

positive; neutral

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23
The identification of isotopes is possible by reviewing the ____________ emitted and factoring in the isotope _______________.
energy; half-life
24
Reactivity is described with K eff by assessing the number of _____________ that are available for fission reactions.
nuetrons
25
Which equation describes the relationship between mass and energy?
E=MC^2
26
A/An ___________________ is naturally present in the core due to the make up of core components.
intrinsic source
27
The number of protons in an atom is represented by the _________ number?
atomic
28
The primary source of fission products in the reactor coolant system is the _________________.
nuclear fuel
29
The number of protons in an atom is equal to the ________________.
atomic number
30
How many neutrons are present? subscript 72 superscript 162 H f
90
31
Which of the following will result in negative reactivity?
increased boron concentration
32
Where does decay heat come from?
Activated fuel
33
The fast non-leakage probability factor compares the number of neutrons that begin to __________ to the number of fast neutrons produced through all fission events.
slow down
34
Which mode of decay releases electromagnetic energy?
gamma
35
With Residual Heat Removal, what system is the heat transferred to?
Service water
36
Which system is responsible for transporting steam to the main turbine?
Main Steam
37
In a PWR, the steam that powers the turbine is created by heat transfer from the reactor coolant to the secondary coolant (water) in the ____________________.
Steam Generators
38
A Pressurized Water Reactor uses which of the following components to prevent boiling in the reactor vessel?
Pressurizer
39
Which chemical is added in a BWR to catalyze the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen?
platinum
40
Steam generator ______________ is the process used to remove impurities by flushing water to the hotwell.
blowdown
41
In radiolysis _______________ interacts with a water molecule and breaks it down into hydrogen and oxygen.
ionizing radiation
42
This parameter can be used by both BWR and PWR to determine the condition of the fuel.
RCS activity
43
What chemical do plants add to promote recombination following the radiolysis of water?
Hydrogen
44
What chemical is added to secondary systems for oxygen scavenging in the steam generators?
hydrazine
45
Which of the following parameters is used to assess conditions in the core for both BWR and PWR plants?
DEI (dose equivalent activity)
46
What are biocides used for?
Microbiological growth
47
Good plant chemistry minimizes the production of __________________ which create radiation fields after they’re activated.
corrosion products
48
Effective plant chemistry controls the release of fission products by ensuring the integrity of the __________________.
fuel cladding
49
Which of the following requires a formal, written response?
NRC Bulletin
50
You are allowed to report potential violations without fear of retaliation from your employer under ______________________.
Employee Protection
51
Guidance on managing a variety of issues within the nuclear industry can be found in ____________________.
NEI Technical Reports
52
Licensing and Regulation of the commercial nuclear industry in the United States is performed by ______________________________.
NRC
53
The results of research or incident investigations are released as ___________________________________________________________.
NUREG or U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations
54
This document includes surveillance requirements and limiting conditions of operation related to safety.
Tech Specs
55
For a nuclear power plant to operate, a _______________ must be granted by the NRC.
License
56
The __________________________ set the standard for excellent performance and are used in plant evaluations.
Performance Objectives and Criteria
57
The _____________________________ are rules and regulations that are recorded in the Federal Register.
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
58
This document includes inspections and acceptance criteria to validate that safety features will function as designed.
FSAR Final Safety Analysis Report
59
Which of the following will cause reactivity to increase?
Decreased moderator temperature.
60
Which of the following is a fission product?
Strontium-90
61
Approximately 81% of the energy from fission is in the form of _________________________.
kinetic energy from fission fragments
62
_________ is a form of ionizing radiation.
Gamma
63
The identification of isotopes is possible by reviewing the ____________ emitted and factoring in the isotope _______________.
particle; half-life
64
In the event of a plant alarm or condition such as a spill or medical emergency, site personnel will reference ______________________.
Abnormal procedures
65
Cavitation erosion occurs due to the formation of __________, which collapse under ___________ and direct a microjet into the metal surface.
bubbles; high-pressure
66
For metal fatigue to occur, a system is exposed to ________ cyclical loads and contains ______________ alloys.
high; susceptible
67
If a surveillance does not meet the listed acceptance criteria, the system or component _____________ cannot be validated.
operability
68
Neutron bombardment of metal atoms creates ________ in the metallic structure.
voids
69
The idea of multiple, independent, and redundant layers of protection is central to _____________________.
Defense in depth
70
In order for metal to be pulled into wire, it must have high
ductility
71
Site Chemistry personnel ensure that _________ is within a set band to promote the formation of a _________________.
Dissolved oxygen; passive corrosion layer
72
Which of the following has an established standard for stainless steel tubing?
ASME
73
What is the unit of measure that describes the energy of thermal neutrons?
eV
74
In the event of a plant alarm or condition such as a spill or medical emergency, site personnel will reference ______________________.
abnormal procedures
75
If a surveillance does not meet the listed acceptance criteria, the system or component _____________ cannot be validated.
operability
76
This document is required as part of the operating license.
Technical Specifications
77
A/An ________________ is based on the most limiting design specification within a system.
safety limit
77
Under certain conditions, the ductility of a metal can be reduced and the ______________ of the metal increases.
brittleness
78
Which term is used to describe the change in length that occurs when making bends in tubing?
gain
79
The elastic limit is associated with the maximum force that can be applied before it will _____________.
yield
80
Which mode of decay is characterized by the emission of a helium nucleus?
Alpha
81
Which mode of decay releases electromagnetic energy?
gamma
82
Which of the following is a method for minimizing erosion corrosion?
Removing elbows from system piping
83
Effective plant chemistry controls the release of fission products by ensuring the integrity of the __________________.
fuel cladding
84
Materials with high __________ strength can be pulled with extreme force before breaking.
tensile strength
85
In order for metal to be pulled into wire, it must have high
ductility
85
When confronted with an unexpected condition, an engaged, thinking worker will ______________________.
stop and seek guidance
86
Which of the following can help reduce system corrosion?
Using specific metal alloys
87
Licensees must report any information that relates to a significant threat to safety, in accordance with __________________________.
completeness and accuracy of information
88
Automatic reactor plant protection engages when ________________________.
a programmed setpoint is reached
89
Which decay process is characterized by the emission of x-rays?
Bremsstrahlung
90
Which of these is an example of automatic reactor plant protection?
A reactor scram on high pressure
91
The safety limit in Technical Specifications ensures that certain parameters are maintained to prevent _______________________.
uncontrolled release of radioactivity
92
What chemical do plants add to promote recombination following the radiolysis of water?
hydrogen
93
The average energy of a prompt neutron created from fission reactions is ____________.
2 MeV
94
These documents provide specific information to those with or seeking a license regarding implementation of NRC regulations.
Regulatory Guides
95
Which handle on the tube bender is moved to align with the desired bend angle on the name plate?
Form handle
96
The _____________________________ provide the technical basis for some plant limits and monitoring requirements
EPRI Water Chemistry Guidelines
97
Electrons equal protons in a neutral atom. The bottom (atomic number) is the number of protons, so for a neutral atom of Hf, the number of electrons is also equal to 72
72
98
How many neutrons are present? subscript 72 superscript 162 H f
162 - 72 = 90

Module 3 EPRI (2 decks)

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