Mod 2 PEDS

Question 1

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer 1

Babe dies for undetermined reasons

Question 2

Possible Risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer 2

In moms:

• Prone positioning
• Mom 1/2nd hand smoke
• Age < 6 months
• Winter Season
• Mild illness in week before death
• History of apparent life-threatening event
• Asleep at night

From babes:

• Brain abnormalities in brainstem
• genetic mutations
• upper airway infections

Question 3

Preventions for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer 3

• Place babe on back (supine)
• keep crib clear of objects

Question 4

What is Bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

Inflammatory disease of the bronchioles
- Viral infection of small airways

• Increased mucous production
• most common lower resp. infections in PEDS
• most common cause is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Question 5

What is the most common cause of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 5

respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV)

Question 6

Patho of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 6

Airway wall inflammation, edema, and INCREASED MUCUOUS PRODUCTION

Question 7

Population most affected by Bronchiolitis?

Answer 7

Peds < 2

• Infants prone to resp. failure from acute bronchiolitis

Question 8

How is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) diagnosed?

Answer 8

Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate.

• usually causes bronchiolitis

Question 9

Clinical Manifestations
of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 9

• Productive or wheezy coughs
• crackles
• Accessory muscle use
• Secretions
• hyperinflated
• high PaCO2 (severe)

Question 10

Groups at higher risk of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 10

• Immunocompromised
• Currently < 3 y/o
• Borne < 35 gest
• Evidence of hemodynamic instability

Question 11

Management of Bronchiolitis

Answer 11

O2 and hydration.

• CPAP, HFNC, and Intubation in severe cases

Question 12

What is Epiglottitis?

Answer 12

Inflammation of the epiglottis (enlarged)

• caused primarily by Haemophilus influenzae type B (H flu) or high fever.

Question 13

Non-infectious causes of Epiglottitis?

Answer 13

• Aspiration of hot liquids
• multiple intubation

Question 14

Main clinical manifestations of Epiglottitis

Answer 14

• High Fever
• drooling
• Accessory use (dangerous)

Question 15

CxR of Epiglottitis would have what?

Answer 15

Thumb sign

Question 16

Management of Epiglottis

Answer 16

Minimal handling and suctioning

• Don’t place on back (supine)
• Intubation or emergency Trach
• antibiotics

Question 17

What is Croup/Laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 17

Subglottic inflammation or obstruction caused mainly by viral pathogens.

• Mainly upper airways affected by lower can be affected as well
• Most common pathogen = Parainfluenza Type I

Question 18

Main clinical manifestations of Croup/Laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 18

• Barking/seal cough
• Stridor
• Hoarse voice
• Increased WOB @ rest = impending resp. failure.

Question 19

Management of Croup/Laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 19

• Systemic corticosteroids (oral dex)
• Racemic Epi
• Intubation if serious.
• Supportive care, keeping the patient comfy (Humidity+O2)
• **minimal handling during Dx and Tx
• Goal = bring swelling DOWN

Question 20

What do CxR of Croup /Laryngotracheobronchitis typically have?

Answer 20

Steeple sign

Question 21

Pediatric ETT size

Answer 21

(ETT/4) + 4

• gum placement = inner diameter x2