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T2 Renal > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Renal tubular acidosis and types

A

Disorder of renal tubules that leads to anion gap acidosis which occurs if kidneys can’t acidity urine or can’t reabsorb bicarb. Type I II IV
Type 4 is hyperkalemia
Low aldo so less Na reabs so less K secreted so retained in blood

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2
Q

What drug stabilizes cardiac membrane during hyperkalemia

A

Calcium gluconate

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3
Q

What does Aldo do to k

A

Retains Na and wastes K via ROMK

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4
Q

Where is most k reabsorbed

A

PCT

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5
Q

ROMK and ENaC

A

Na enters cell and blood FROM lumen via ENaC

K plus leaves from cell into lumen via ROMK

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6
Q

What does lots of Na in CD do to K

A

Enters from lumen to cell via ENaC
Causing K to enter lu,en via ROMK
And Not enough k causes hyperkalemia

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7
Q

What can kidney disease do to k

A

Hypo

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8
Q

What can diarrhea and vomiting do to k

A

Hypo

Aldo released during vomiting causing secondary hyperaldonwhich reduces H and K (also k lost directly thru vomit anyway)

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9
Q

What does too much insulin do to K

A

Hypo

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10
Q

What does stress and catecholamine production do to K

A

Hypo

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11
Q

Hypokalemia without much K in urine is caused by

A

GI sources

Maybe laxatives etc

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12
Q

Hypokalemia with lots of k in urine

A

Due to diuretics like loop and thiazide

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13
Q

RTA types

A

Channelopathied

I classic distal- can’t secrete h so retained causing acidosis; basic urine
Hypokalemia
Ca P.O. rel from acidic env into filtrate for,Inc renal stones

II pRTA PT can’t reabs HCO3 causing acidosis and hypokalemia

IV distal caused by hypoaldo decr Na reabs this decr K secr causing HYPERKAL

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14
Q

What does Aldo do to sodiu, channels

A

Increases Na k pump and unregulated ENaC in distal

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15
Q

What does catecholdo to K

A

Hypokalemia bc muscled need to use the k for flight

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16
Q

What does DM do to k

A

Glucose in urine so water follows and then k follows via osmotic diuresis so hypokalemia

17
Q

Most diuretics do what to k

A

Cause hypokalemia

Except k sparing

18
Q

What does alcohol cisplatin and diuretics do to k and bp

A

Cause low/normal bp hypokal

19
Q

Syndromes that cause hypokal

A

Barters
gitelmans
Liddles
Alphabetic, barters usu in kids

20
Q

Which syndrome mimics loops and which syndrome mimics thiazides?

A

Barters LOOPS
Gitelmans THIAZIDES
Both decrease bp but in liddles bp is high

21
Q

Barters

A

Like loop
Decrease bp k and Ca (bc triple cotransoorter issue so mg and ca wasted)
Bc we decr vol we lose Na and water thru RAAS and Aldo activation dumps H causing alkalosis (Ca is opposite in urine so is increased) “loops lose” ca

22
Q

Gitelmans

A

Like thiazides
Which block Na cl cotrans so Na remains in filtrate
Low k; hi Aldo hi ca (cuz) in serum and low in urine
Hi bicarb

23
Q

High bp hypokal varieties

A

Low renin and high renin high bp hypokal

24
Q

Liddles bp renin and k

A

ENa is const on in liddles; low k but v high bp; treat by closing ENaC with amiloride or k sparing diuretic
Low renin

25
Q

What does conns do to bp renin and k

A

Low renin
High bp
Low k bc extra aldo

26
Q

What does licorice or CAH do to bp renin and k

A

Low renin
High bp
Low k

27
Q

What does renal aa stenosis and renin secr tumors do to renin bp and k

A

Renin HIGH
Bp high
Low k

28
Q

What do BBS do to k

A

Hyper

29
Q

What does insulin deficiency do to k

A

Hyper

30
Q

What does digoxin toxicity do to k

A

Hyper

31
Q

What do rhabdomyo hemolysis and tumor lysis do to k

A

Release k causing hyper

32
Q

What does Aldo deficiency do to k

A

Hyper

33
Q

What does renal failure do to k and h

A

Hyper bc cant filter it out

H builds up also causing acidosis

34
Q

What is triamterene

A

K sparing diuretic along with spiro and amiloride

35
Q

What can some antibiotics do to k

Like trimethoprim pentamidine cyclosporine and tacrolimus

A

Hyper

36
Q

Treatments for hyperkalemia

A 
Calcium gluconate
Maybe insulin if diabetic
(Bicarb if acidotic 
Albuterol)
Can also remove with diuresis or kayexalate Dialysis diet etc but slower
37
Q

What will rhabdomyolysis in seizures do to k

A

Elevate it bc k leaking

Hyperkalemia

T2 Renal (4 decks)

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