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2-2 Guide > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Levels of Warfare

A

Strategic
Operational
Tactical

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2
Q

Describe the Strategic Level of Warfare

A

“Strategy”

is a prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the Instruments of National Power in synchronized and integrative fashion to achieve theater and multinational objectives

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3
Q

Describe the Operational Level of Warfare

A

Links strategical and tactical levels by establishing operational objectives needed to achieve the military end states and strategic objectives

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4
Q

Describe the Tactical Level of Warfare

A

Employment and ordered arrangement of forces “boots on the ground” (Think 9 SF Tasks)

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5
Q

Which Section of the US Constitution defines the Presidents Authority as it pertains to the Military

A

Article II, Section 2 (The Commander in Chief Clause)

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6
Q

What are some examples of Presidential Authority

A
  • Commander in Chief
  • Nominates Heads of GOVT Departments
  • Make Treaties (with Senate Approval)
  • Issue Executive Orders
  • Issue Pardons
  • Can convene Congress for special sessions
  • Veto legislations (can be overruled with 2/3 Congressional support)
  • Deliver Annual State of the Union Address
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7
Q

Where is Congressional Authority as it pertains to the military outlined in the US Constitution and what does it say (War and Defense Powers.)

A

Article I, Section 8, Congress has the power to declare war, raise and support Armies, provide and maintain a Navy, and organize, arm, discipline, and call forth a militia.

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8
Q

What are some examples of Congressional Authority

A
  • Legislative Power
  • Commerce Power
  • Investigatory Power
  • Taxing Power
  • Spending Power
  • Eminent Domain
  • Admiralty/Maritime Power
  • Postal Power
  • Bankruptcy Power
  • Naturalization Power
  • Copyright and Patent Power
  • Power of the Purse
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9
Q

What is the War Powers Resolution (1973)

A

The President can deploy troops without Congressional approval but has 48 hours to notify Congress, and if Congress does not approve deployment, those troops must be withdrawn within 60 days

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10
Q

Give examples of Military Authorities

A 
Title 6- Domestic Security
Title 10- Armed Forces
Title 14-Coast Guard
Title 32-National Guard
Title 50-War and National Defense
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11
Q

What does COCOM stand for and mean

A

Combatant Command; it is non-transferable authority; the power to assign tasks and objectives within an AO (think Command Authority)

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12
Q

What does ADCON stand for and what does it mean

A

Administrative Control; control of manning, resourcing/equipping, logistics, individual/unit readiness (not operational but needed to become operational)

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13
Q

What does OPCON stand for and what does it mean

A

Operational Control; organizing and employing forces under them (Think SOTF controlling units)

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14
Q

What does TACON stand for and mean

A

Tactical Control; direct authority to control movement and maneuver (M&M) during operations

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15
Q

What are the 3 Functions of the DoD

A
  1. Support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
  2. Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest.
  3. Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States.
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16
Q

What are the 2 components of forces (Congress sees the Army as what?) Also Phrased: What are the Combatant Commands and how are they organized

A

A Generating Force and an Operating Force

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17
Q

What is the Generating Force responsible for

A 
Mans, trains, equips, and ensures readiness by:
Recruiting
Maintaining
Organizing
Services
Supplying
Training
Mobilizing
Demobilizing
Administering
Instructing
Equipping
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18
Q

What is the Operating Force Responsible for, and how big is it

A

Deploys and Fights. Makes up 2/3 of the Regular Army, and 3/4 of the Army’s total force

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19
Q

What are the 7 Geographical Combatant Commands (think places)

A
  • Africa Command (AFRICOM)
  • Central Command (CENTCOM)
  • European Command (EUCOM)
  • Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM)
  • Northern Command (NORTHCOM)
  • Southern Command (SOUTHCOM)
  • Space Command (SPACECOM)
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20
Q

What are the 4 Functional Combatant Commands (think activities)

A
  • Cyber Command (CYBERCOM)
  • Strategic Command (STRATCOM)
  • Transportation Command (TRANSCOM)
  • United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
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21
Q

How does USSOCOM (one of the FCCs) differ from the other 3

A

USSOCOM is a unified combatant command. It performs service-like functions and has military department-like responsibilities and authorities

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22
Q

What are the 7 TSOCs (Theater Special Operations Commands); they are subordinate unified commands of USSOCOM

A
  • Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAF)
  • Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR)
  • Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT)
  • Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC)
  • Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR)
  • Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH)
  • Special Operations Command North (SOCNORTH)
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23
Q

Who is responsible for National Security Strategy (NSS) and what is its purpose

A

Approved by the President; it provides goals (ENDS) utilizing the Instruments of National Power
-OR-
coordinating the Instruments of National Power that contribute to the achievement of national security

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24
Q

Who is responsible for National Defense Strategy (NDS) and what is its purpose
*NDS is the Vision

A

Approved by SECDEF and it provides WAYS to accomplish the NSS to the Joint Chiefs of Staff; coordination between the DoD and other Instruments of National Power to achieve the goals of the NSS
(Coordination between DoD and Congress)

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25
Q

Who is responsible for National Military Strategy (NMS) and what is its purpose

A

Written by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs; it coordinates the elements within the DoD on how they are going to achieve the NDS to further support the NSS
(Distributing and applying military power) MEANS

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26
Q

Define Strategic Direction

A

The strategy and intent of the President, Secretary of Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in pursuit of national interests

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27
Q

What is the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) and who is responsible for its creation

A

Written by SECDEF and is a plan for how DoD plans on accomplishing the National Defense Strategy by giving guidance to the separate DoD elements

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28
Q

What is the Joint Strategic Campaign Plan (JSCP)

A

provides military strategic and operational guidance to combatant commanders and is based on current military capabilities
(it is also a 5 year global strategic plan that is reviewed every 2 years)

29
Q

What are Combatant Command Campaign Plans (CCPs)

A

Aligns Day-to-Day activities; implement the combatant commander’s strategy and seeks to shape the operational environment

30
Q

The Joint Strategic Campaign Plan (JSCP) requires that the Combatant Command Campaign Plans (CCPs) include what

A

theater assessment, mission statement, posture plan, intermediate military objectives, country specific security cooperation, contingency plans, theater posture plan, theater distribution plan, subordinate campaign plan, support plan, planning order, execution order

31
Q

Who are the Nation’s (USA) biggest strategic competitors

A
  • China
  • Russia
  • Iran
  • North Korea
32
Q

Identify and Define the 2 types of warfare

A
  1. Traditional: nation-state against nation-state. Book says: characterized as a violent struggle for dominion between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states
  2. Irregular Warfare: nation-state against a non nation-state. Book says: characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations
33
Q

What is the Competition Continuum

A

enduring competition conducted through a mixture of cooperation, competition below armed conflict, and armed conflict

34
Q

What does Cooperation mean in reference to the Competition Continuum

A

mutually beneficial relationships between strategic actors with similar or comparable interest (in ARSOF this is FID and SFA)

35
Q

What does Competition below armed conflict mean in reference to the Competition Continuum

A

exists when 2 or more strategic actors view one another as competitors that have incompatible interest-influence and coercion are central. (ARSOF in the current era-think proxy wars like Syria)

36
Q

What does Armed Conflict mean in reference to the Competition Continuum

A

involves the use of force as the primary means by which a strategic actor seeks to satisfy its interests or react to provocation (modern example is large scale conventional invasion of Iraq)

37
Q

Identify and Describe the Instruments of National Power

A

DIME
Diplomatic- how a nation interacts with others
Information-creating, exploiting and disrupting knowledge
Military-use of force by one party in an attempt to impose its will on another, apply force to further the strategic ends
Economic-furthering prosperity

38
Q

What does the acronym JIIM stand for

A
  • Joint (2 or more Military Departments IE JSOTF)
  • Interagency (2 or more agencies/departments)
  • Intergovernmental Organizations (formal agreement between 2 or more governments)
  • Multinational Organizations (collective term meaning forces of 2 or more nations align, such as a coalition)
39
Q

Define the Range of Military Operations

A

The ability of the US to advance its national interests is dependent on the effectiveness of the United States
Government (USG) in employing the instruments of national power to achieve national strategic objectives (what the GCC have to influence objectives)

40
Q

What are the 3 different Range of Military Operations

A
  • Major Operations and Campaigns
  • Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Operations
  • Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence
41
Q

Further explain Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence and which SF Task is most prevalent (Part of ROMO)

A

SFA and FID

These ongoing activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations. Many of these activities occur across the conflict continuum, and will usually continue in areas outside the operational areas associated with ongoing limited contingency operations, major operations, and campaigns.

42
Q

Further explain Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Operations and which SF Task is most prevalent (Part of ROMO)

A

CP-WMD, CT, COIN

can be a single small-scale, limited-duration operation or a significant part of a major operation of extended duration involving combat

43
Q

Further explain Major Operations and Campaigns and which SF Task is most prevalent (Part of ROMO)

A

DA and SR

Named Campaigns;
When required to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests, the US national leadership may decide to conduct a major operation or campaign involving large-scale combat

44
Q

What is Unified Action

A

synchronized, coordinates, integrates, joint, single service, multination operations with the operations of other US government departments and agencies

45
Q

What are the 4 Pillars of ARSOF Capability

A
  1. Indigenous Approach
  2. Precision Targeting Operations
  3. Understanding and Wielding Influence
  4. Crisis Response
46
Q

Indigenous Approach is a pillar of the ARSOF Capability, explain what this means

A

to address challenges to regional stability with and through populations and partner forces empowered by persistent ARSOF engagement

47
Q

Precision Targeting Operations is a pillar of the ARSOF Capability, explain what this means

A

involve direct action and counter-network activities enabled by SOF unique intelligence, targeting processes, and technology, such as ARSOF rotary wing capabilities and armed unmanned aerial systems

48
Q

Understanding and Wielding Influence is a pillar of the ARSOF Capability, explain what this means

A

The SOF network of personnel, assets, and international partnerships represents the means to obtain early understanding of emerging local, regional, and transregional threats and where opportunities exist for advancing U.S. objectives. The SOF network provides capabilities needed to influence outcomes in all campaign phases and especially in conflict short of overt war

49
Q

Crisis Response is a pillar of the ARSOF Capability, explain what this means

A

provided through CONUS and OCONUS stationed alert forces and persistently deployed and dispersed units, provides national decision makers with agile, tailorable, and rapidly employable special operations formations necessary to respond to emergencies

50
Q

What is the difference between Covert and Clandestine

A

Covert the act is known but the actor is unknown

Clandestine the act and the actor are both unknown

51
Q

What is the definition of Foreign Internal Defense (FID)

A

Participation by civilian agencies and military forces of a government or international organizations in any of the programs and activities undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security

52
Q

How may categories of Foreign Internal Defense (FID) are there; what are they

A
  • Indirect Support (security assistance, exchange programs, small footprint)
  • Direct Support (think JCETS)
  • US Combat Ops (POTUS decision to use US forces temporarily until HN forces are capable of combat ops)
53
Q

What is the difference between Foreign Internal Defense (FID) and Security Force Assistance (SFA)

A

Foreign Internal Defense focuses more on the INTERNAL security against threats (SR and DA) while the Security Force Assistance focuses on primarily exterior threats using OTERA (CT, COIN)

54
Q

What does OTERA stand for when talking about Security Force Assistance

A 
Organize
Train
Equip
Rebuild/Build
Advise
55
Q

What does COIN stand for and what does it mean

A

Counterinsurgency
The efforts taken to defeat an insurgency (book def: Comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to defeat an insurgency and to address any core grievances.

56
Q

Explain what Security Force Assistance (SFA) is

A

Activities that support the development capacity and capability of the supporting institution (host nation); think OTERA

57
Q

What makes Special Reconnaissance (SR) different than employing conventional military capabilities

A

Difference in Capability and support packages, time, and sensitivity. Does not always mean visual recon (book says reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in a hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces)

58
Q

Describe Direct Action (DA)

A

a short duration strike; small scale offensive operations conducted as a special operation in hostile/denied area

59
Q

What is a Weapon of Mass Destruction (WMD)

A

A Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or Nuclear (CBRN) weapon capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties

60
Q

What does the word Counterproliferation mean (CP-WMD)

A

Those actions taken to reduce the risks posed by extant weapons of mass destruction to the United States, allies, and partners

61
Q

Describe Preparation of the Environment mean (PE)

A

an UMBRELLA term for developing an environment for potential special operations
(OPE, Advance Force Operations, Intelligence Operations)

62
Q

What is an AUMF and how many times has it been used

A

Authorization for Use of Military Force; used 3 times.

  1. 2001
  2. 2002
  3. 2016
63
Q

What are the 4 Army Commands that make up the Generating Force

A
  1. US Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)
  2. US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)
  3. Army Materiel Command (AMC)
  4. Army Futures Command (AFC)
64
Q

Name some Direct Reporting Units (DRU)

A

US Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)
US Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM)
US Army Human Resources Command (HRC)

65
Q

Define Unconventional Warfare (thinking ahead)

A

activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area

66
Q

What does IDAD stand for and mean

A

Internal Defense and Development; part of FID; encompasses the full range of measures taken by a nation to promote its growth and protect itself from subversion, sabotage, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, violent extremism, and other threats to its security

67
Q

List several examples of United States Codes already accounted for in the annual budget (these are called Statutory Codes)

A

§127. Emergency and extraordinary expenses

§127e. Support of Special Operations to combat terrorism

§322. Special Operations Forces: Training with friendly foreign forces (Joint Combined Exchange Training)

68
Q

Describe the following Instrument of National Power: Military

A

use of force by one party in an attempt to impose its will on another, apply force to further the strategic ends

2-2 Guide (4 decks)

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