Mod 1.3 - Research Methods Flashcards
What are the top 4 types of research?
1) systematic review and meta-analysis
2) Randomized controlled double-blind studies
3) Cohort studies
4) Case control studies
One pro and con of: Prospective cohort studies?
Pro = most trustworthy observational study
Con = confounding variables that can’t be measured or controlled
One pro and con of: Restrospective case-study
Pro = often the most feasible
Con = subject to recall bias and unrepresentative sampling
One pro and con of: Cross-sectional studies?
Pro = quick snapshot of an association
Con = Needs to be interpreted with care
Summary of a systematic review
Answers a defined research question by collating all empirical evidence that fits the criteria.
(may or may not include a meta analysis)
Summary of a meta-analysis
uses statistical methods to summarize the results of studies
aims to produce a single estimate of a treatment effect
What is the adherence effect asking?
What happens when people stick to X (the diet for example)
What is the assignment effect asking?
What happens to people who are placed on X (the diet for example)
What is the null hypothesis?
The assumption you are beginning with
What is the P-value?
is the probability of an observed result arising by chance
A P-Value of less than <0.05 (which is 5%) indicates what?
It is statistically significant - it is strong evidence AGAINST the null (that this occurred by chance)
A P-Value of greater than >0.05 (which is 5%) indicates what?
It is NOT statistically significant - it is strong evidence FOR the null (that this occurred by chance)
r = 0 r = 0-0.3 r = 0.3 - 0.7 r = 0.7 - 1 r = 1
All indicate what?
0 = there is no linear relationship
0-0.3 = there is a weak (negative) linear relationship?
- 3-0.7 = there is a moderate (negative) linear relationship
- 7 - 1 = there is a strong positive linear relationship
1 = there is a perfect positive relationship.
Define absolute risk?
Your risk of X (say developing a disease) over time
Define relative risk?
To compare the risk in two different groups/situations
