Mod 10 study guide Flashcards
What does the nervous system do?
makes decisions, takes in info, and orders body’s tissues
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do?
transmits central nervous system(CNS) to other body parts
what does the central brain do?
makes decisions for the body
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
conserves energy and calms the body
what is used in these:
a) reading a book
b) participating in practice after school
c) eating dinner
d) turning a page
e) taking a big test
f) laying down relaxing
a) peripheral
b) central nervous system
c) autonomic
d) somatic
e) sympathetic
f) parasympathetic
what is effected when the SYMPATHETIC nervous system is stimulated?
-dilated pupils(pupil of eye)
-heartbeat accelerates(heart)
-inhibits digestion(stomach)
-glucose is released by the liver(liver)
-no effect(gallbladder)
stimulates secretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine(adrenal glands)
-relaxed (bladder)
-stimulates ejaculation in male(sex organs)
What is effected when the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system is stimulated?
- pupils contract
- heart slows
- digestion in stomach is stimulated
- no effect on liver
- gallbladder stimulated
- no effect on adrenal glands
- bladder contracts
- sex organs allow blood flow
what are the 3 types of neurons used to carry reflex information to and from spinal cord?
parasympathetic-spinal cord’s internal communications
sympathetic-sends reflex info in from the body’s tissues and sense receptors
autonomic-sends reflex info out to the body’s muscles and glands
in what ways do the endocrine and nervous system act similar? and how do they differ?
both are communication networks that send off messages, but the endocrine system controls messages and hormones. The nervous system controls nerves and impulses in the body.
how does the endocrine system’s release of hormones influence us?
when released, the hormones travel through the blood stream and affect other tissues, including the brain. When hormones act on the brain, they influence our interest.
hypothalamus
brain region controlling pituitary gland
ovary
secretes female hormones
adrenal glands
helps trigger “fight or flight” response
pituitary gland
releases growth hormone, oxytocin, and other hormones
thyroid gland
affects metabolism
testis
secrets male hormones
pancreas
regulates the level of sugar in the blood
parathyroid
regulates the level of calcium in the blood
why is the pituitary gland referred to as the master gland?
pituitary secretions directs other endocrine glands to release their hormones
What is the nervous system?
a communication network
- takes in info from body’s tissues
- makes decisions
- sends info back to muscles/body
- orders body’s tissues
Nervous system steps
*Nervous system=peripheral and CNS
*peripheral=autonomic(controls organs/glands)
autonomic=sympathetic(arouses) & parasympathetic(calms)
*CNS=somatic
somatic=sensory input
somatic-motor output(controls skeletal muscles)
peripheral nervous system does what?
- gathers info for transmitting
- CNS sends directions to other body parts
what do the nerves do?
- formed by bundles of axons
- link CNS with sensory receptors, muscles, glands
what are 3 types of neurons
- sensory neurons(sends messages from body’s tissues & sensory receptors INWARD)
- motor neuron(sends instructions from cns OUTWARD to muscles and glands
- Interneurons(processes info
Somatic
muscle movement
automatic
glands and internal organs
sympathetic
arouses you(USES energy)
parasympathetic
calms you(SAVES energy)
what is a spinal cord?
a 2 way info travel system that connects peripheral system to brain
increasing neural fibers does what?
sends up sensory info
decreasing neural fibers does what?
sends back motor-control info
what are reflexes?
automatic response to stimuli
what is a simple reflex pathway?
- 1 sensory, 1 motor(connected by interneuron)
- brain not involved
ex: touch flame=neural activity>sensory neuron>interneurons(in spinal cord)>activate motor neuron>muscle jerks out response
what is a endocrine system?
- in blood stream
- affects other tissues(brain also)
- glands of this system secrete hormones(influence sex,food,agression)
how are the endocrine and CNS similar?
produce molecules,which act on receptors elsewhere
the somatic nervous system requires what?
effort
what is a simple reflex?
skin receptors receive pain signal=(bypasses brain) received by neuron(sensory)=reaches spinal cord=motor neuron sends out reflex
sensory neurons are what?
afferent and sense receptors send signals through spinal cord
motor neurons are what?
efferent and connect muscles=control movement
what are interneurons?
receive info in spinal cord form sensory neurons and send signals back thru motor neurons
how are the endocrine and CNS different?
endocrine=slow/last longer
CNS=fast/don’t last long
what happens when your in danger?
- ans orders adrenal glands to release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and non-adrenaline)
- fight or flight mode
what is the pituitary gland?
- most influential endocrine gland
- in brain(hypothalamus)
- releases growth hormone
- releases oxytocin(hair bonding, social trust,etc.)
what does pituitary secretions do?
directs other endocrine glands to release hormones
what happens when you stress?
hypothalamus triggers>pituitary gland releases a hormone>adrenal glands flood body with cortisol(stress hormone)
what is affected by the endocrine secretions?
the CNS
