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MS Azure 900 > Mod 1 - Understanding Cloud > Flashcards

Mod 1 - Understanding Cloud Flashcards

1
Q

What really makes a data center so special and demanded?

A

A. Redundancy everywhere

B. Huge power systems

C. Fast internet

D. Special cooling and airflow

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2
Q

Devops:
Definition

A

Gives devs way to automatically introduce and test new code into an application without taking app down.

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3
Q

Devops Process:

A
  • Creates dev only environment where they can run new code.
  • Then run in test env with specific end users.
  • UAT - Then run in Staging where real world prod traffic is allowed to access env to test code.
  • Then roll into prod env
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4
Q

Scale Up(Vertically):

A

Increases the server resources ex. Increase RAM

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5
Q

Scale out(horizontally):

A

Increases number of servers of the same resource type

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6
Q

Canary Deployment

A

When you have four of the exact same instance type of a server and ship new code into one of them to see how they do. If there are issues, roll it back. If success, ship to more servers.

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7
Q

What is a 3 tier app

A

-frontend app
-Backend app
-database that stores the data

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8
Q

Monolithic app

A

bundle of the 3 tier app in one app, running on one server

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9
Q

Microservices

A

architecture of many small applications that make up one giant application

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10
Q

What is the All Services AZ menu option?

A

shop for services

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11
Q

What is the All resources AZ menu option?

A

resources you already deployed

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12
Q

Blades

A

term for windows you open in azure, ex. Clicking into Disks section of VMs area

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13
Q

What are the two IaaS Use Case?

A

A. Testing and development: Best when you have a need to have control over the environment. Have special app that can be moved to cloud with redundancy, but still control env.
B. Migrations : Lift and shift virtual machines from On-Prem to Cloud

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14
Q

IaaS Model Responsibilities

A

In an IaaS model, the cloud provider is responsible for maintaining the hardware, network connectivity (to the internet), and physical security.

You’re responsible for everything else: operating system installation, configuration, and maintenance; network configuration; database and storage configuration; and so on

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15
Q

IaaS Model Definition

A

Replicating on prem servers and VMs to cloud env where you manage and control the env. Ex. Do OS patches

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16
Q

Private Cloud

A

Local datacenter where data is stored on physical servers you have control over and are responsible for OS patches, designing vnet/ virtual network, Software patches, and Runtime environment

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17
Q

Capex

A

typically a one-time, up-front expenditure to purchase or secure tangible resources. A new building, repaving the parking lot, building a datacenter, or buying a company vehicle are examples of CapEx.

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18
Q

Is cloud computing Opex or Capex

A

Opex

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19
Q

OpEx

A

spending money on services or products over time. Renting a convention center, leasing a company vehicle, or signing up for cloud services are all examples of OpEx.

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20
Q

PaaS Model Responsibilities

A

In a PaaS environment, the cloud provider maintains the:
-physical infrastructure,
-physical security,
-and connection to the internet.

They also maintain the
-operating systems,
-databases,
-development tools,
-and business intelligence services

Shared Responsibilities:
-networking settings and connectivity within your cloud environment,
-network and application security,
-directory infrastructure.

Ex. Like a domain joined machine: IT maintains the device with regular updates, patches, and refreshes.

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21
Q

What is the PaaS Use Case?

A

A. Development framework: PaaS provides a framework that developers can build upon to develop or customize cloud-based applications

B. Analytics or business intelligence: Tools provided as a service with PaaS allow organizations to analyze and mine their data, finding insights and patterns and predicting outcomes to improve forecasting, product design decisions, investment returns, and other business decisions.

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22
Q

PaaS Definition

A

responsible for building and shipping app and the code, making sure it’s secure

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23
Q

Azure App services

A

service that deploys web hosting apps

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24
Q

Message Queue

A

queue that microservice instances are listening to and pick up messages that are put in queue

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25
Q

T-SQL

A

Microsoft’s dialect of SQL used in MS SQL

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26
Q

SaaS Model Responsibilities

A

You’re responsible for
-the data that you put into the system,
-the devices that you allow to connect to the system,
-and the users that have access.

The cloud provider is responsible for
-physical security of the datacenters,
-power,
-network connectivity,
-and application development and patching

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27
Q

What is the SaaS Use Case?

A

A. Best when you have don’t need to maintain anything, just need access to software to accomplishes a task.

Ex. * Email and messaging.
* Business productivity applications.
* Finance and expense tracking.

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28
Q

SaaS Definition

A

cloud service that offers a subscription fee to access software in a browser online, hosting is managed by third party company. Ex. Adobe cloud

29
Q

Consumption-Based Billing

A

Billing based off of the usage of cloud resources that are actually deployed. Ex. Azure VM can cost $0.10 per hour or billed for Network Egress(amount of bandwidth used)

30
Q

What are the 4 responsibilities that are always retained by you?

A
  • Data
  • Endpoints
  • Account
  • Access management
31
Q

Who manages security in IaaS?

A

You manage entire security

32
Q

Who manages security in PaaS?

A

Shared responsibility

33
Q

Who manages security in SaaS?

A

All on azure, but we control who connects into app(account mngmt) and need to develop security policies on accessing the app and sharing data

34
Q

Network security Group

A

an access control list that defines what traffic is let into a vNET

35
Q

Deployment Order for Azure networking

A
  1. VM
  2. Public IP
  3. vNIC
  4. vNET
  5. NSG
36
Q

vNET

A

private address space, can create subnets out of this space. Ex. Set space to 10.0.0.0/8»10.0.1.0/24 (253 VMs)

37
Q

How are VMs accessible when first deployed?

A

they are only accessible via the Public internet, assigned Public IP address and a vNIC that are stand alone resources

38
Q
  • Stretch networking
A

when you have on prem subnets that have layer 2 connectivity with azure vNET subnets

39
Q

What are the steps/prompts to deploy a basic VM

A
  1. Login to Azure portal
  2. Select Virtual Machine service
  3. Select Azure VM
  4. Create VM
    a. Set Basic settings
    i. Set name based off of app VM used for, what env(Prod or Test), number if there are multiple
    ii. Set availability zones
    iii. Set password
    iv. Set inbound port rules(this sets your NSG)
    b. Set disk settings
    i. Can add data disk attached to VM
    c. Set virtual network
    d. Review settings
40
Q

Do Resource groups and availability zones need to match?

A

No

41
Q

How do you deprovision a VM?

A

Need to use Stop button. shutting down the VM if RDP’ed doesn’t deprovision VM

42
Q

How do you delete a VM in azure portal?

A

To delete, use Delete button and config options, select all boxes to completely delete

43
Q

How do you upload ssh keys to azure portal?

A
  1. Navigate to VM page
  2. Select Connect drop down
  3. Select one of the connection options ex. RDP or SSH or Bastion
44
Q

What is the Bastion AZ resource?

A

secure way to connect to VM without exposing them through public IP addresses. Deploy it and it will prompt for azure creds and 2FA

45
Q

what are availability sets designed for

A

designed to ensure that VMs stagger updates and have varied power and network connectivity, preventing you from losing all your VMs with a single network or power failure.

46
Q

Availability Sets

A

template of saved availability settings to apply to a group of VMs ex. Spread VMs across certain domains

47
Q

Fault Domain default settings

A

By default, an availability set will split your VMs across up to three fault domains. This helps protect against a physical power or networking failure by having VMs in different fault domains (thus being connected to different power and networking resources).

48
Q
  • Fault Domains
A

grouping of azure datacenter resources with same power and network components.

49
Q

how long is given an update group to recover after updates applied

A

An update group going through the update process is given a 30-minute time to recover before maintenance on the next update domain starts.

50
Q
  • Update domains
A

a group of azure datacenter resources that get updated at the same time or in a grouping. Azure only ever updates one domain at a time so setting AS to multiple ensures your AS doesn’t get interrupted and have different update schedules

51
Q

Why use more than 1 fault domain?

A

Setting to more than 1 ensures a physical failure won’t impact all VMs
o Should have 1 FD per VM if you can only afford to have one VM down at a time

52
Q

VM Scale Sets

A

azure resource that helps manage a group of load balanced VMs

53
Q

Stateless workloads

A

something like a web connection that isn’t maintaining a session, just used for load balancing between many VMs

54
Q

What are the min and max options for Autoscaling in VM scale sets

A
  • Min of 1 instance
  • Max of 10
55
Q

What’s an example of shared responsibility(PaaS) for networking?

A

Azure will setup backbone routing and private IP addressing, while you handle the Public IP addressing

56
Q

What’s an example of shared responsibility(PaaS) for runtime?

A

Azure setups up the environment from your choice depending on what code language you wrote your app in ex. Python or .Node

57
Q

What’s an example of shared responsibility(PaaS) for authentication?

A

Azure handles managing directory accounts and you can decide to accept certain user logins. Or you could manage the user directory and AAA yourself

58
Q

Cloud computing

A

the delivery of computing services over the internet

59
Q

what is a key feature of public cloud computing

A

Services are leased from a public cloud and Data from private cloud traverses the public internet in some way to reach the public cloud

60
Q

what is hybrid cloud

A

a computing environment that uses both public and private clouds in an inter-connected environment

61
Q

what is a private cloud model

A

It’s a cloud (delivering IT services over the internet) that’s used by a single entity

62
Q

what are always the three consumer duties in cloud

A
  • The information and data stored in the cloud
  • Devices that are allowed to connect to your cloud (cell phones, computers, and so on)
  • The accounts and identities of the people, services, and devices within your organization
63
Q

what are always the three cloud provider duties in cloud

A
  • The physical datacenter
  • The physical network
  • The physical hosts
64
Q

what are the four things that there is shared responsibility depending on service model?

A

Operating systems
Network controls
Applications
Identity and infrastructure

65
Q

What are cloud models?

A

The cloud models define the deployment type of cloud resources

66
Q

what is a multi-cloud environment

A

environment you deal with two (or more) public cloud providers and manage resources and security in both environments.

67
Q

what are 4 benefits of public cloud

A

No capital expenditures to scale up
Applications can be quickly provisioned and deprovisioned
Organizations pay only for what they use
Organizations don’t have complete control over resources and security

68
Q

what are 4 benefits of private cloud

A

Organizations have complete control over resources and security
Data is not collocated with other organizations’ data
Hardware must be purchased for startup and maintenance
Organizations are responsible for hardware maintenance and updates

69
Q

what are 3 benefits of hybrid cloud

A

Provides the most flexibility
Organizations determine where to run their applications
Organizations control security, compliance, or legal requirements

MS Azure 900 (15 decks)

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