Mod 1 Reviewer

Question 1

determined by forces over which they have no control

Answer 1

Determinism vs Free will

Question 2

doomed to live miserable, conflicted, and troubled lives

Answer 2

Pessimism vs optimism

Question 3

causality holds that behavior is a function of past experiences, whereas teleology is an explanation of behavior in terms of future goals or purposes.

Answer 3

Casualty vs teleology

Question 4

maintain a physiological balance or state of equilibrium, or does the urge to grow and develop shape our behavior

Answer 4

Equilibrium vs Growth

Question 5

results of heredity, or are their personalities shaped largely by their environment

Answer 5

Nature vs nurture

Question 6

traits that make people alike, or should it look at those traits that make people different

Answer 6

Uniqueness vs universality

Question 7

early childhood experiences and the role of unconscious mind and internal conflicts in shaping personality.

Answer 7

Psychodynamic approach

Question 8

external stimuli such as reward, punishment, and models in shaping personality.

Answer 8

Behavioral approach

Question 9

unique experience, subjective perceptions and innate drive towards growth and self-actualization in shaping personality.

Answer 9

Humanistic approach

Question 10

enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across different situations,

Answer 10

Trait approach

Question 11

how individuals think, perceive, and interpret information

Answer 11

Cognitive approach

Question 12

This material is changing constantly as new thoughts enter your mind and others pass out of awareness.

Answer 12

Conscious

Question 13

contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.

Answer 13

Preconscious

Question 14

contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.

Answer 14

Unconscious

Question 15

pleasure principle.

Answer 15

Id

Question 16

mediate/ balanced the demands of the Id and the outer forces of reality.

Answer 16

Ego

Question 17

It represents society’s- and in particular, the parents’-values and standards.

Answer 17

Superego

Question 18

Freud believed that the entire body is invested with libido.

Answer 18

Sex (eros

Question 19

manifested during the infant who are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego.

Answer 19

Narcissism

Question 20

develops when people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves.

Answer 20

Love

Question 21

the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person.

Answer 21

Sadism

Question 22

suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others.

Answer 22

Masochism

Question 23

apprehension about an unknown danger.

Answer 23

Neurotic anxiety

Question 24

stems from the conflict between the ego and superego

Answer 24

Moral anxiety

Question 25

this kind of anxiety is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.

Answer 25

Realistic anxiety

Question 26

Adler emphasized teleology over causality,

Answer 26

Fictionalism

Question 27

Adler believed that all behaviors are directed toward a single purpose.

Answer 27

Unity and Self-Consistency of Personality

Question 28

Human behavior has value to the extent that it is motivated by social interest, that is, a feeling of oneness with all of humanity.

Answer 28

Social Interest

Question 29

attempts to rule or dominate people;

Answer 29

Rulling

Question 30

expects everything from others and gets everything he/she can from them.

Answer 30

Getting

Question 31

such a person avoids failure by never attempting anything.

Answer 31

Avoiding type

Question 32

confronts problems and attempts to solve them in a socially useful way.

Answer 32

Socially useful type

Question 33

However, Adler believed that healthy individuals are marked by flexible behavior and that they have some

Answer 33

Style of life