Mod 1 Reviewer Flashcards
determined by forces over which they have no control
Determinism vs Free will
doomed to live miserable, conflicted, and troubled lives
Pessimism vs optimism
causality holds that behavior is a function of past experiences, whereas teleology is an explanation of behavior in terms of future goals or purposes.
Casualty vs teleology
maintain a physiological balance or state of equilibrium, or does the urge to grow and develop shape our behavior
Equilibrium vs Growth
results of heredity, or are their personalities shaped largely by their environment
Nature vs nurture
traits that make people alike, or should it look at those traits that make people different
Uniqueness vs universality
early childhood experiences and the role of unconscious mind and internal conflicts in shaping personality.
Psychodynamic approach
external stimuli such as reward, punishment, and models in shaping personality.
Behavioral approach
unique experience, subjective perceptions and innate drive towards growth and self-actualization in shaping personality.
Humanistic approach
enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across different situations,
Trait approach
how individuals think, perceive, and interpret information
Cognitive approach
This material is changing constantly as new thoughts enter your mind and others pass out of awareness.
Conscious
contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.
Preconscious
contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.
Unconscious
pleasure principle.
Id
mediate/ balanced the demands of the Id and the outer forces of reality.
Ego
It represents society’s- and in particular, the parents’-values and standards.
Superego
Freud believed that the entire body is invested with libido.
Sex (eros
manifested during the infant who are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego.
Narcissism
develops when people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves.
Love
the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person.
Sadism
suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others.
Masochism
apprehension about an unknown danger.
Neurotic anxiety
stems from the conflict between the ego and superego
Moral anxiety
this kind of anxiety is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.
Realistic anxiety
Adler emphasized teleology over causality,
Fictionalism
Adler believed that all behaviors are directed toward a single purpose.
Unity and Self-Consistency of Personality
Human behavior has value to the extent that it is motivated by social interest, that is, a feeling of oneness with all of humanity.
Social Interest
attempts to rule or dominate people;
Rulling
expects everything from others and gets everything he/she can from them.
Getting
such a person avoids failure by never attempting anything.
Avoiding type
confronts problems and attempts to solve them in a socially useful way.
Socially useful type
However, Adler believed that healthy individuals are marked by flexible behavior and that they have some
Style of life
