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KINE: Physiology 1 > MOD 1: LEC 1 > Flashcards

MOD 1: LEC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Principles of Cell Theory

A
  • the smallest structural and functional unit for carrying out life processes
  • activities depend on specific structural properties
  • are living blocks for organisms
  • basic unit of life
  • however, the cells of all organisms are similar in structure and function
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2
Q

Cell Structure and Function

A
  • 0ver 200 cell types
  • despite variations, cells still have common features: PCN
  • plasma membrane, cytosol, nucleus
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3
Q

What are common structures found in all types of cells?

A

PCN
- plasma membrane
- cytosol
- nucleus

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4
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A
  • thin membranous structure that surrounds each cell
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5
Q

What is the PM composed of?

A
  • lipid (fat) molecules– lipid bilayer
  • embedded with proteins
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6
Q

What does the PM barrier do?

A
  • barrier separates the cell’s contents from its surroundings
  • selectively controls the movement in and out of the cells (only certain things can go through)
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7
Q

What is attached to the outer surface only of the plasma membrane?

A

Short carbohydrate chains are attached to proteins or lipids on the outer surface only

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8
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A
  • surrounded by double-layered membrane
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9
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A
  • houses the cell’s genetic material
  • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
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10
Q

What does the DNA do?

A

-serves as a genetic blueprint during cell replication
- it also directs protein synthesis

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11
Q

What are the organelles?

A
  • EGLPCM
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi complex
  • Lysosomes
  • Perixosomes
  • Cetrioles
  • Mitochondria
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12
Q

What is the ER?

A

-fluid-filled membranous system

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13
Q

What does the ER produce?

A
  • a protein and lipid factory
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14
Q

What are the two types of ER?

A

Rough and Smooth ER

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15
Q

What is the Rough ER surrounded with?

A
  • studded with ribosomes
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16
Q

What does the Rough ER synthesize?

A
  1. it synthesizes proteins to be secreted to the exterior
  2. or incorporated into the plasma membrane and other components
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17
Q

What is the smooth ER?

A

packages the secretory product into transport vesicles that bud off and move to the golgi complex

18
Q

Where does the smooth ER of transport vesicles move to?

A

Golgi complex

19
Q

What does the Golgi Complex have?

A
  • has a stack of flattened, slightly curved, membrane-enclosed sacs
20
Q

What is closely related to the Golgi complex?

A
  • endoplasmic reticulum
21
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

A
  • Modifies, packages, and distributes synthesized proteins
22
Q

What are lysosomes?

A
  • it is a small, membrane-enclosed, degradative organelles
23
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A
  • lysosomes break down organic molecules with powerful hydrolytic enzymes
24
Q

What does the lysosome break down organic molecules with?

A
  • powerful hydrolytic enzymes
25
Q

What are lysosomes known for?

A
  • digestive system of the cell
  • it is also to destroy foreign substances and cellular debris
26
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A
  • it is a membrane-enclosed sacs with oxidative enzymes
27
Q

What kind of enzymes do peroxisomes have?

A
  • oxidative enzymes
28
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A
  • detoxify various wastes produced within the cell
  • or foreign toxic compounds that have entered the cell
29
Q

What are centrioles?

A
  • these are a pair of cylindrical structures at right angles to each other
30
Q

What do centrioles do during cell division?

A
  • during this, they form and organize microtubules during assembly of the mitotic spindle
31
Q

What else centrioles form?

A

cilia and flagella

32
Q

What is mitochondria?

A
  • rod-shaped or oval structures about the size of a bacteria
33
Q

What does the inner folding of the mitochondria have?

A
  • the inner membrane forms series of inholdings called cristae
34
Q

What are cristae in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A

series of inholdings formed by the inner membrane

35
Q

What does the cristae do in the mitochondria?

A
  • cristae projects an inner cavity with a gel-like solution known as the matrix
36
Q

What does the cristae’s inner cavity fill?

A

gel-like solution known as the matrix

37
Q

What is the mitochondria also known as?

A
  • power plants of the cell
  • energy organelles
38
Q

What other functions does mitochondria have?

A
  • extracts energy from nutrients and transform it into usable form for the cell
  • ATP= adenosine tri-phosphate
39
Q

What usable form does mitochondria turn energy from food?

A

ATP

40
Q

What does ATP from mitochondria contain?

A
  • has enzymes for TCA (citric acid cycle) and electron transport chain

KINE: Physiology 1 (3 decks)

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