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KINE: Physiology 1 > MOD 1: LEC 1 > Flashcards

MOD 1: LEC 1 Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

Principles of Cell Theory

A
  • the smallest structural and functional unit for carrying out life processes
  • activities depend on specific structural properties
  • are living blocks for organisms
  • basic unit of life
  • however, the cells of all organisms are similar in structure and function
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2
Q

Cell Structure and Function

A
  • 0ver 200 cell types
  • despite variations, cells still have common features: PCN
  • plasma membrane, cytosol, nucleus
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3
Q

What are common structures found in all types of cells?

A

PCN
- plasma membrane
- cytosol
- nucleus

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4
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A
  • thin membranous structure that surrounds each cell
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5
Q

What is the PM composed of?

A
  • lipid (fat) molecules– lipid bilayer
  • embedded with proteins
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6
Q

What does the PM barrier do?

A
  • barrier separates the cell’s contents from its surroundings
  • selectively controls the movement in and out of the cells (only certain things can go through)
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7
Q

What is attached to the outer surface only of the plasma membrane?

A

Short carbohydrate chains are attached to proteins or lipids on the outer surface only

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8
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A
  • surrounded by double-layered membrane
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9
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A
  • houses the cell’s genetic material
  • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
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10
Q

What does the DNA do?

A

-serves as a genetic blueprint during cell replication
- it also directs protein synthesis

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11
Q

What are the organelles?

A
  • EGLPCM
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi complex
  • Lysosomes
  • Perixosomes
  • Cetrioles
  • Mitochondria
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12
Q

What is the ER?

A

-fluid-filled membranous system

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13
Q

What does the ER produce?

A
  • a protein and lipid factory
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14
Q

What are the two types of ER?

A

Rough and Smooth ER

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15
Q

What is the Rough ER surrounded with?

A
  • studded with ribosomes
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16
Q

What does the Rough ER synthesize?

A
  1. it synthesizes proteins to be secreted to the exterior
  2. or incorporated into the plasma membrane and other components
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17
Q

What is the smooth ER?

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A

packages the secretory product into transport vesicles that bud off and move to the golgi complex

18
Q

Where does the smooth ER of transport vesicles move to?

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A

Golgi complex

19
Q

What does the Golgi Complex have?

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A
  • has a stack of flattened, slightly curved, membrane-enclosed sacs
20
Q

What is closely related to the Golgi complex?

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A
  • endoplasmic reticulum
21
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

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A
  • Modifies, packages, and distributes synthesized proteins
22
Q

What are lysosomes?

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A
  • it is a small, membrane-enclosed, degradative organelles
23
Q

What do lysosomes do?

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A
  • lysosomes break down organic molecules with powerful hydrolytic enzymes
24
Q

What does the lysosome break down organic molecules with?

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A
  • powerful hydrolytic enzymes
25
What are lysosomes known for?
- digestive system of the cell - it is also to destroy foreign substances and cellular debris
26
What are peroxisomes?
- it is a membrane-enclosed sacs with oxidative enzymes
27
What kind of enzymes do peroxisomes have?
- oxidative enzymes
28
What do peroxisomes do?
- detoxify various wastes produced within the cell - or foreign toxic compounds that have entered the cell
29
What are centrioles?
- these are a pair of cylindrical structures at right angles to each other
30
What do centrioles do during cell division?
- during this, they form and organize microtubules during assembly of the mitotic spindle
31
What else centrioles form?
cilia and flagella
32
What is mitochondria?
- rod-shaped or oval structures about the size of a bacteria
33
What does the inner folding of the mitochondria have?
- the inner membrane forms series of inholdings called cristae
34
What are cristae in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
series of inholdings formed by the inner membrane
35
What does the cristae do in the mitochondria?
- cristae projects an inner cavity with a gel-like solution known as the matrix
36
What does the cristae's inner cavity fill?
gel-like solution known as the matrix
37
What is the mitochondria also known as?
- power plants of the cell - energy organelles
38
What other functions does mitochondria have?
- extracts energy from nutrients and transform it into usable form for the cell - ATP= adenosine tri-phosphate
39
What usable form does mitochondria turn energy from food?
ATP
40
What does ATP from mitochondria contain?
- has enzymes for TCA (citric acid cycle) and electron transport chain

KINE: Physiology 1 (3 decks)

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