Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedSurg4 Exam 1 > Mod 1 cardiac > Flashcards

Mod 1 cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial catheters

A

provide pressure readings
BP
saline flush bags pressured to 300 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

central venous pressure

A

placed in internal jugular or subclavian or femoral vein
indicates right atria pressure and estimate of R ventricular filing pressure (preload)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal CVP

A

8- 12 mm hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Swanz-Ganz catheter or PA catheter

A

placed in internal jugular or subclavian or measures pulmonary artery
normal systolic is 15-30
diastolic 4-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal PR interval

A

0.10-0.20 or < 5 small boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

QRS interval

A

0.06 to 0.10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1 small box equals

A

0.04 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1 large box equals

A

0.20 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 large box

A

1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

depolarization

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

repolarization

A

relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

P-wave

A

atrial depolarization
SA node sending out impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

QRS

A

ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T-wave

A

ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sinus bradycardia Tx

A

atropine 0.5mg IVP
pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sinus tachycardia causes “TACHY HEARTS”

A

Temperature
Aerobics
Cardiac disease
Hyperthyroidism
Yelp (pain)

Hemorrhage or hypovolemic shock
Emotional stress/fear
Anemia
Respiratoy conditions
Therapeutics (atropine, albuterol, dopamine, epinephrine)
Simulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sinus tachycardia tx

A

BB
CCB
pain meds
antipyretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

A

pacemaker cell close to SA node fired too early has pause at end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PVC tx

A

dependant on cause
eliminate cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atrial flutter

A

no P-waves has F-waves
QRS complex < 0.12 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dobutamine nursing considerations

A

continous cardiac montioring
weight for dosage calculatino
baseline v/s
monitor i&O
monior potassium
monitor drug range (40-190)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dobutamine s/e

A

tachycardia
pain at injection site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dobutamine indications

A

heart failure
cardiogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nitroglycerin nursing considerations

A

take off at night and then reapply in morning
contraindicated in taking erectile dysfunction meds
take tylenol for headache
keep in amber glass
do no chew crush or swallow SL tabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nitroglycerin S/E

A

FLUSHED

Flushing
Lightheadedness
Upset stomach
Syncope
Hypotension/Headache
Effectiveness/tolerance decreases
dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Amiodarone teaching

A

take in divided doses if upset stomach
avoid grapefruit juice
use sunscreen no tanning beds
stays in body for a long time so side effects may remain even after if stopped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Amiodarone s/e

A

AMIODARONE

Abnormal thyroid function
Muscle weakness
Interstitial lung disease
Optic neuropathy
Discoloration of skin (blue skin)
Ataxia
Reduction of HR
Occular corneal microdeposits
Nausea/vomiting/constipation
Enzyme fluctuations of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Beta blocker teaching

A

Hold if SBP <90 HR <60
take medication with food
monitor for bradycardia & hypotension
can mask hypoglycemia (anxiety, shakiness, palpitations except for sweating & hunger)
dont stop quickly, reduce over 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Beta blocker S/E

A

BAD FISH

Bradycardia/bronchospasm
AV block/arrhythmias contrindications
dizziness/depression
fatigue
impotence
s/s of hypoglycemia masked
hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ACE inhibitor side effects

A

TOP CARD
teratogenic
orthostatic hypotension
potassium increase
cough
angiodema
renal impairment
dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Premature ventricular contractions

A

impulse starts in ventricles
no p=wave
QRS wide > or equal to 0.12 or 3 smal boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

PVC tx

A

based on s/sx correct cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

ventricular tachycardia with pulse

A

pt maintaining BP and pulse with or without s/sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Vtach tx

A

antiarrhythmic meds
elctrolyte replacement
cardioversion

35
Q

Pulseless Vtach tx

A

CPR and defib

36
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

chaotic impulses w/i ventricles prevents blood flow stopping cardiac output causing death

37
Q

Vfib tx

A

CPR and defib

38
Q

1st degree heart block

A

PR interval > 0.20 secs

39
Q

2nd degree AV block type 1

A

not all atrial impulses form AV node get to ventricles
more p-waves than QRS complexes
PR interval gets longer until QRS drops

40
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

complete heart block
R-R regular
P-P regular

41
Q

MI management

A

Oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin, pain meds

42
Q

labs for MI

A

troponin
CK
CKMB
ECG gold standard
echo
stress test

43
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

heart muscles can’t adequately contract, causing decrease CO

44
Q

Cardiogenic shock s/sx

A

CP
thready reapid pulse
diaphoresis
narrow pulse pressure
n/v
JVD
tachycardia
hypotension
dyspnea

45
Q

Cardiogenic shock management

A

meds to increase BP &CO
intra-aortic ballon pump
LVAD or RVAD
ECMO

46
Q

Cardiogenic shock nursing care

A

v/s
neuro assessment
labs
o2 therapy
adminster meds
fluid replacement

47
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

sudden accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac

48
Q

Cardiac tamponade causes

A

knife/gun wounds
ventricle rupture
anticoagulants
viral infections
pericarditis
TB

49
Q

Cardiac tamponade s/sx

A

dyspnea
tachycardia
tachypnea
pallor
cold extremities

50
Q

Cardiac tamponade management

A

pericardiocentesis
thoracotomy
inotropic meds

51
Q

Cardiac tamponade nursing care

A

ABCs
fluid resuscitation
O2 therapy
administer meds
assess drainage site

52
Q

DIC

A

overactivation of clotting mechanisms leading to enhanced bleeding

53
Q

DIC s/sx

A

hematuria
epistaxis
petechiae
ecchymoses

54
Q

DIC labs

A

d-dimer
platelets
PTT
INR

55
Q

DIC management

A

PRBC, FFP
Heparin
Pulm artery catheter (PAC)

56
Q

DIC nursing care

A

monitor for bleeding
no razor or electric razor
give meds
02 therapy

57
Q

Norepinephrine

A

vasoconstrictor increase HR, BP and contractility

58
Q

Norepinephrine s/e

A

tissue necrosis at IV site; infuse through central line
myocardial ischemia
reflex bradycaria

59
Q

Dopamine

A

vasoconstriction to increase BP and H R

60
Q

Positive inotropes

A

dopamine
dobutamine
digoxin

61
Q

Negative inotropes

A

Beta blockers
CCB

62
Q

Negative chronotropes

A

digoxin
BB
CCB

63
Q

Positive chronotropic

A

atropine
dopamine
epinephrine
dobutamine

64
Q

Adenosine

A

slow conduction in AV node

65
Q

Adenosine indications
contraindications
s/e

A

indications: SVT
contraindications; 2/3 AV block
s/e : flushing
hypo BP and HR
tingling numbness

66
Q

Clonindine

A

antihypertensive

67
Q

clonidine contraindications

A

active liver disease
active use of MAOI
pregnancy

68
Q

clonidine s/e

HTN DRUG

A

HTN DRUG

Headache
Tired
Not able to poop
Dizziness/dry mouth
Rash
Unable to sleep
GI upset

69
Q

clonidine teaching

A

avoid abrupt d/c to avoid rebound htn
avoid driving when drowsy
avoid alcohol
if using patch apply to hairless area

70
Q

clopidogrel (plavix)

A

antiplatelet

71
Q

clopidogrel (plavix) contraindications

A

intracranial hemorrhage
peptic ulcer
pregnancy
hepatic impairment

72
Q

statins

A

inhibit cholesterol synthesis

73
Q

statin s/e

CHAMG

A

CHAMG
Cpk increase
Hepatotoxicity/headache
Avoid in pregnancy
Myalgia/myopathy
GI upset

74
Q

statin teaching

A

monitor LFT
avoid grapefuit
take in evening/bedtime

75
Q

Nitroglycerin teaching

A

take ER tabs with water on empty stomach
dose meds to have 10-12 hr nitrate free period to decrease tolerance
avoid alcohol use
take 7 hrs apart for IR isosorbibe formulation
max dose 3 q15 mins
rise slowly dont take if SBP is <90

76
Q

Inotropes

A

dopamine
dobutamine
epinephrine
vasopressin
isoproterenol
norepinephrine

77
Q

Antiarrhythmics

A

potassium chanel blockers
BB
CCB
sodium channel blockers
digoxin

78
Q

vasodilators

A

nitrates
nitroprusside sodium (Nipride)
ACEs

79
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Phenylephrine
Vasopressin

80
Q

what do vasoconstrictors do?

A

increase HR, BP
increase contractility

81
Q

what do vasodilators do?

A

increase HR, and decrease BP
no effect on contractility

82
Q

what do inotropes do?

A

increase HR and contractility
decrease BP

83
Q

afib tx

A

rate control w/ digoxin BB, CCB
anti-arrhythmic meds
cardiac ablation
cardioversion

84
Q

Sinus brady causes

SLOW RATES

A

Sick sinus syndrome
Low thyroid hormone
Older adults
Weak and damage heart muscle

Raised ICP
Athlete
Toxicity of BB CCB, digoxin
Electrolyte imbalances
Stimulation of vagal response

MedSurg4 Exam 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions