mod 1

Question 1

The categorical imperative

Answer 1

only follow the rules that are applied to everyone/ act only on those maxims which you can at once will to become universal laws.

Question 2

Principle of utility

Answer 2

Actions are morally right as they tend to produce happiness, morally wrong if they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.

Question 3

the golden rule

Answer 3

do onto others as you would have them do onto you

Question 4

principle of non-maleficence

Answer 4

avoid doing harm whenever possible.

Question 5

principle of autonomy

Answer 5

respect free decision of people who are mature and rational

Question 6

Principle of beneficent

Answer 6

do good whenever possible

Question 7

principle of justice

Answer 7

always try to be fair to all those who are affected by your actions.

Question 8

Which famous philosopher is normally associated with Utilitarianism

Answer 8

John Stewart mill

Question 9

Which famous philosopher is normally associated with Deotologcal ethics (duty based ethics)

Answer 9

kant

Question 10

which famous philosopher is normally associated with the theory of Virtue Ethics

Answer 10

Aristotle

Question 11

relationship between mortality and law

Answer 11

Mortality is not reducible by law.

Question 12

Metaethics

Answer 12

what we mean by “good, right” “bad, wrong” the nature of ethics, the study of its origin, and the meaning of ethical concepts. (language)

Question 13

Normative ethics

Answer 13

study of ethical action. It values standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions.

Question 14

Applied ethics

Answer 14

Consist of the analysis of specific moral issues that arise in life.

Question 15

what does an argument mean in philosophy, ethics, and logic?

Answer 15

an argument is when a group of statements. In which, the premises are claimed to provide support/reason to believe the conclusion is true.
two types:
1. good- premises support the conclusion.
2. bad- premises that don’t support the conclusion even though they claim to.

Question 16

what is a valid argument?

Answer 16

An argument is valid if and only if the premises make it impossible for them to be true and the conclusion to be false.

Question 17

what is a sound argument?

Answer 17

If the argument is valid and all the premises are true then it is sound. (valid+all true premises=sound)

Question 18

can a valid argument be unsound?

Answer 18

Only if it has one or more false premises.

Question 19

can an argument with all true premises and a true conclusion be unsound?

Answer 19

Yes. EX. humans are in London(true). Fred is in London.(true) Fred is human. (true). This may be true, but there are people all over the world not just in London so it is not a sound argument.

Question 20

what is the benefits argument?

Answer 20

if we can benefit someone without hurting another we out to do so.

Question 21

General principle in Teresa’s case?

Answer 21

Would it be right to remove Theresa’s organs causing her immediate death to save another baby’s life?

Question 22

Factual claim in Teresa’s case?

Answer 22

To remove her organs to save another child you are killing one to save another.

Question 23

Conclusion?

Answer 23

it is wrong to remove her organs in order to save another child.

Question 24

what is the argument that we should not use people as means?

Answer 24

taking Teresa’s organs is using her to benefit another and should not be done.

Question 25

what is the two main points Rachel claims to derive from the case studies?

Answer 25

reason and impartiality

Question 26

what is the minimum conception of morality presented by Rachels?

Answer 26

the effort to guide one’s conduct by reason–this is to do what is are the best reasons for doing