Mod 1 Flashcards
the ___ provided only __ percent of the necessary funding for the airport projects, the airport operators had to provide the other ___ percent through bonds or other funds.
WPA, 50%, 50%
Became the cornerstone of the federal government’s regulation of civil aviation.
Air Commerce Act of 1926
__________ are located in metropolitan areas in 49 states and serve relatively large populations.
GA Regional Airports
it authorized the postmaster general to contract for domestic airmail service with commercial air carriers.
The Kelly Act or Air Mail Act
Since ___, the ___ program has continued to be the FAA’s funding mechanism for capital projects at public-use airports.
1982, Airport Improvement Program (AIP)
created a classification system for commercial service airports, which are categorized as those enplaning 2,500 or more passengers per year.
National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS)
became the first to open a private air freight service between Detroit and Chicago, and the government opened the bidding for private companies to fly mail.
Henry Ford
True or False Certain air carrier operations conducted as public charter operations under 14 CFR Part 380 are required to operate to and from Part 139 airports.
True
_______________ are public-use airports that do not have scheduled service or have less than 2,500 annual passenger enplanements.
General aviation airports
Non-primary airports are
mainly used by general aviation aircraft.
After the split in 1940, the ___ was charged with making the safety rules, conducting aircraft accident investigations, and the economic regulation of the airlines
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)
Title 14 CFR Part ___, Public Charters
380
For purposes of Part 139 compliance, an air carrier operation covers the period of time from _____________.
15 minutes before takeoff until 15 minutes after landing. This time frame not only applies to when aircraft rescue and firefighting services must be available, but also to inspections, wildlife hazard management, snow removal operations, and lighting system operation.
GA airports four categories
national, regional, local, and basic
regulates commercial service airports and cargo service.
Title 14 CFR Part 139
An indirect air carrier uses ________________.
commercial air transportation to move cargo or people but does not own or control the aircraft. An indirect air carrier is any person (individual or corporation), such as a tourist or athletic organization, that engages the services of a direct air carrier in the transportation of passengers, baggage, or cargo.
The FAA uses three primary measurements to gauge airport activity: _________, ________ and __________.
enplanements, operations, and cargo tonnage.
_________ are located in metropolitan areas near major business centers and support flying throughout the nation and the world.
GA National Airports
_________ often have just one runway, helipad, or seaplane lane.
GA Basic Airports
Part ___ operators are typically called air taxi operations and are distinguished from Part 121 operators in that they are usually non-scheduled.
135
The Federal Aviation Act of ___ created the ________________ and directed the FAA to take over safety rule making from the CAB.
1958, Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) or Federal Aviation Administration
Title 14 CFR Part ___, Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations (i.e. air carrier certification)
121
________ airports each enplane 0.25 percent to 1 percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements.
medium hub
When AAAE adopted the first professional accreditation standards for their Accredited Airport Executives (AAE) program
1954
_______ created a certification program for commercial service airports and issued operating certificates.
Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970
________ airports each enplane 0.05 percent to 0.25 percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements
Small hub
After the split in 1940, the ___ retained its responsibility for Air Traffic Control (ATC), pilot and aircraft certification, safety enforcement, and airway development.
Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA)
___________ is a multi-faceted series of initiatives designed to make air travel more efficient, more secure, and safer overall.
Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), 2003
An aircraft operation conducted under 14 CFR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations can only operate in airports _____________________________.
that meet the certification classifications of Part 139.
five different types of airports
commercial service, general aviation, cargo service, military and private
A direct air carrier is a ___________________________.
certificated domestic or foreign air carrier, an air taxi operator, or a commuter air carrier that directly engages in the operation of aircraft under a certificate, permit, or exemption issued by the Department of Transportation.
designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at Commercial Service Airports and to provide improved general aviation access to the overall community.
Aviation Reliever Airports
An airport can be included in the NPIAS if it is publicly owned, if it is privately owned but designated as a _____ by the FAA,
reliever
__________ airports are predominately used by general aviation aircraft.
Nonprimary
an airport owned by the Department of Defense
Joint-Use Airport
How many airfields were created during WWI?
900
Air Cargo Deregulation Act of ____
1976
Title 14 CFR Part ___ Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators.
119
Air Commerce Act year
1926
By _____, the first airport management trade organization was also established. (AAAE)
1928
Any airport with ____ or more annual passenger enplanements is classified as a _______________.
2,500, commercial service airport.
type of public airports receiving scheduled passenger service and between 2,500 and 9,999 enplaned passengers per year
nonprimary commercial service airports
an __________ is either a takeoff or a landing, or, for purposes of determining the busyness of an air traffic control tower or radar center, and an aircraft conducting an instrument approach that does not land.
operation
defined as a passenger boarding a commercial flight.
enplanement
A Shared-Use Airport is
is a U.S. government-owned airport that is co-located with a civil airport specified under, and at which, portions of the movement areas and safety areas are shared by both parties
The largest commercial service airports are known as l_________, which serve at least 1 percent or more of total U.S. passenger enplanements.
large hubs
To be eligible for reliever designation,
these airports must be open to the public, have 100 or more based aircraft, or have 25,000 annual itinerant operations.
_________ airport is designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at commercial service airports and to provide improved general aviation access to the community.
General Aviation Reliever
___________ are considered by the FAA to be the backbone of the general aviation system with at least one local airport in virtually every state.
GA Local Airports
allowed companies such as Federal Express (now FedEx) to implement a new method of moving cargo.
Air Cargo Deregulation Act of 1976
authorized the Secretary of Commerce to designate air routes, develop air navigation systems, and license pilots and aircraft?
Air Commerce Act of 1926
Title 14 CFR Part ___, Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft
135
A _________________ is a publicly owned airport with at least 2,500 passenger annual boarding’s that receives scheduled passenger service.
commercial service airport
_____________ service encompasses enplaning less than 0.05 percent of all commercial passenger enplanements, but at least more than 10,000 annual enplanements.
Nonhub primary commercial
Part __ is commonly associated with general aviation (GA) operations or GA airports
91
________ provided funds for airport master plans and system plans.
Planning Grant Program (PGP)
In ____ , the _______________ was passed to continue the flow of grant money to airports.
1970, Airport and Airway Development Act
__________ receive scheduled air carrier service with 10,000 or more enplaned passengers per year.
Primary airports
Air Mail Act year
1925
first airline can be traced back to ________
1914
created on the premise that only those that use aviation should pay for it
Airport and Airway Trust Fund
examples of special exceptions to the operating requirements.
Operations conducted outside the United States, domestic operations in Alaska with aircraft that have more than nine seats but less than 31 seats, emergency situations, training flights, and operations at airports designated as an alternate in the air carrier’s certificate
Primary airports are grouped into four categories defined in statute:
large, medium, small, and non-hub.
In 1946 the government passed the Federal Aid to Airports Act, which created the ______________
Federal Aid to Airports Program (FAAP).
Airline Deregulation Act year
1978
_________ is signed into law, removing government control over fares, routes and market entry
Airline Deregulation Act
Rather than point-to-point service, the _____________ system allows for cargo to be transported to a central “hub,” where it is re-sorted and put on an aircraft heading to its final destination.
hub-and-spoke
__________ provided funds for airport development projects (expanding the list of eligible projects)
Airport Development Aid Program (ADAP)
General aviation public-use airports are not regulated per se, but if the Airport Sponsor has accepted federal grant money under the ____________.
Airport Improvement Program (AIP), it is likely obligated to grant assurances.
True or False A direct air carrier has control over the operational functions performed in providing that transportation.
True
Public Charter means ________________.
a one-way or round-trip flight performed by one or more direct air carriers and sponsored by a charter operator.
______________ listed recommendations for airport construction, maintenance, and operations.
National Airport Plan (NAP)
Airline Deregulation Act of ____
1978
public-use airports
commercial service, general aviation, and cargo service—
In ____, the CAA split its authority with the newly-created Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB).
1940
A Cargo Service Airport is ?
in addition to other air transportation services that may be available such as commercial service or general aviation, served by aircraft providing air transportation of only cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds.
Title 14 CFR Part 125, Certification and Operations: Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of ______________
20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or more
Part __ to reference private operations.
91
Part ___ to reference scheduled commercial flight operations
121
Part ___ to reference public charter operations conducted on a Part 121 air carrier
380
Part ___ to reference unscheduled commercial flight operations
135
Part ___ to reference large, certain noncommercial flight operations
125
Under Title 14 CFR Part 91.103 Pre-Flight: Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, ___________ concerning that flight before taking off.
become familiar with all available information
Pilots can operate under VFR when under _______ feet Mean Sea Level (MSL), with or without filing a Flight Plan
18,000
__________ means to constantly scan the sky for obstacles and other planes.
“See-and-avoid”
IMC
Instrument Meteorological Conditions
any pilot intending to fly above _____ feet Mean Sea Level must also file an ____________.
18,000, instrument flight plan.
___________ identify the airport, related weather, navigational and communication frequencies, navigational aids, light pattern of cities at night, terrain features, obstructions (building, antennas, etc.), and airspace information
Sectional Charts
Low Altitude En Route for
for operations below 18,000 feet MSL (Victor Airways)
High Altitude En Route charts
for operations above 18,000 feet MSL (Jet Routes)
Instrument approaches are divided between a _________.
non-precision approach and a precision approach.
_________ en route segments have obstacle clearances normally starting at 1,000 feet for obstacle clearance.
Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPs)
A standard three-degree glideslope requires a
one-foot descent for every 20-feet over the ground.
At the runway threshold, the clearance has tapered down to __ feet.
50
At the final approach fix, obstacle clearance for an aircraft is approximately ___ feet.
700
__________ _____________ means to shift a traditional government responsibility to the control of a private enterprise
Airport Privatization
Privatization began to gain traction in the ___, and in ____, the FAA initiated a trial program to test the concept
1980s, 1996
The _____________ transfers the federal obligation, as well as the responsibility for operation, management, and development of an airport, from a public sponsor to a private sponsor.
Airport Privatization Program
As an incentive for public airport operators to consider __________ under the __________ pilot program, Congress authorized the FAA to exempt a sponsor from its federal obligations to repay federal grants, to return federally acquired property, and to use the proceeds from the sale or lease of the airport for airport purposes.
privatization, privatization
Grant Assurance __ Airport Revenues, meaning that the sponsor may only use the proceeds from the sale or lease of the airport for ______________.
25, airport purposes only).
It is the responsibility of the ______________ to ensure that his or her board members, whether municipalities, authorities, or advisory, are educated on airport operational issues, capital improvement plans, and management challenges.
Airport Executive
Two key positions at any airport that are generally outside of the vertical reporting structure are the airport’s __________________ and _____________. Generally reports to the Airport Board or Sponsor
legal counsel and financial auditor
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Applicability, Terms, and Abbreviations
1500
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Organization, Functions, and Procedures
1503
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Passenger Civil Aviation Security Service Fees
1510
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Protection of Sensitive Security Information (replaced Title 14 Part 191)
1520
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Civil Aviation Security: General Rules
1540
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Airport Security
1542
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Aircraft Operator Security: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators
1544
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Foreign Air Carrier Security
1546
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Indirect Air Carrier Security
1548
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Aircraft Security Under General Operating and Flight Rules
1550
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Flight Schools
1552
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Aircraft Repair Station Security
1554
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Secure Flight Program
1560
Title 49 CFR Part ____: Operations in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area
1562
Title 14 CFR Part __: Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification
36
Title 14 CFR Part __: Designation of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E Airspace Areas; Airways; Routes and Reporting Points
71
Title 14 CFR Part __: Special Use Airspace
73
Title 14 CFR Part __: Aircraft Operating Rules
91
Title 14 CFR Part __: Special Air Traffic Rules and Airport Traffic Patterns
93
Title 14 CFR Part __: Standard Instrument Approach Procedures
97
Title 14 CFR Part ___: Certification and Operations: Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 pounds or more
125
Title 14 CFR Part ___: Operating Requirements: Foreign Air Carriers and Foreign Operators of U.S. Registered Aircraft Engaged in Common Carriage
129
Title 14 CFR Part ___: Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations
135
An _________ is commonly issued when an independent agency of the government desires to add, change, or remove a regulation.
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
Air Commerce Act was passed in 1926, charging the Secretary of Commerce with ____________, _______, ______, _______, _______ and ________.
fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation
In ____, the Department of Commerce renamed the Aeronautics ________________ to reflect the growing importance of aviation to the nation.
1934, Branch as the Bureau of Air Commerce
With radar not yet in wide use, early en route controllers tracked the position of planes using maps and blackboards and boat-shaped weights that were called “_____ ______.”
“shrimp boats.”
Slightly over a decade later, the _________ ________ ___ was passed, which transferred the Civil Aeronautics Authority’s functions to the newly created Federal Aviation Agency responsible for civil aviation safety.
Federal Aviation Act,
The Federal Aviation Agency name would change to _____________ in ____ when the FAA was reorganized under the ___________.
Federal Aviation Administration, 1966, Department of Transportation
The FAA’s major roles now include:
• Regulating civil aviation to promote safety; • Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology; • Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft; • Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics; • Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation; • Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation.
The FAA has four lines of business that relate to the operation of an airport:
Airports (ARP), Air Traffic Organization (ATO), Aviation Safety (AVS), and Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST), NextGen (ANG)
________is responsible for keeping the air traffic moving (i.e. air traffic control) and NAVAID maintenance.
Air Traffic Organization (ATO)
__________ is responsible for all activities related to the U.S. commercial space transportation industry.
Office of Commercial Space Transportation
__________ provides leadership in planning and developing a safe and efficient national airport system.
FAA Office of Airports (ARP)
Airport operators primarily interact with the FAA through their local __________.
Airports District Office (ADO)
The ADO oversees airport compliance with __________, _____ ,______ ,_________, ______, _________.
Part 139 and grant assurances, airport safety and certification, land transfers, engineering issues, pavement maintenance and capital improvement projects, environmental issues, noise abatement, master planning, runway safety, and guidance issues
The __________ is a regional office of the FAA that concentrates on enforcing regulations pertaining to aircraft and airmen certification and licensing.
Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)
The Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) is a regional office of the FAA that concentrates on enforcing __________ and ___________.
regulations pertaining to aircraft and airmen certification and licensing
The FAA issues _____________ to help explain the intent of a federal aviation regulation, to provide guidance and information to the aviation public in a designated subject area, or to show a method acceptable for complying with a related regulation.
Advisory Circulars (ACs)
The AC/150 series addresses Airports and areas related to _______, ________,and __________.
airport operations, planning and management
____________ provide guidance and instruction to FAA personnel on compliance, airport safety, operations, and other related issues.
FAA Orders
FAA Order____.__, Airports Compliance Handbook
5190.6A
____ and PARAS research projects provide best practices for many airport operational issues, while the RTCA standards provide the regulatory requirements for airport security related systems such as perimeter intrusion, biometrics, and the identity management system.
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP), Program for Applied Research in Airport Security (PARAS), Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA)
Grant assurances can be traced back to ____ when the federal government was transferring ownership of airports constructed for World War II to local entities.
1946
Grant Assurances are essentially a contract between the ___ and ___________.
FAA and the airport sponsor
Grant Assurances are primarily managed by the FAA through the __________
Airport Compliance Manual (FAA Order 5190.6B),
Grant agreements Obligation Period? ______ and _______ built to FAA standards are designed to last at least __ years, and the duration of the obligation should generally be assumed to be __ years.
Pavement and other facilities built, 20
Grant agreements Obligation Period? Grant agreements for land purchase
AIP grant agreements for purchase of land provide that obligations do not expire.
Grant agreements Obligation Period? Surplus property deeds and nonsurplus land conveyance documents.
Documents conveying federal land and property interests for airport use generally have no expiration date
While the federal Grant Assurances constitute a __-page document, essentially the assurances require the airport operator to do the following:
20, • Maintain the airport in good and serviceable condition; • Use specific lands approved by the FAA for non-aeronautical use to generate revenue to support the airport’s aviation needs; • Operate the airport in the public interest; • Ensure there is no grant of an exclusive right for any aeronautical purpose or use.
14 CFR Part __ Investigation and Enforcement (Informal Complaints)
13
Title 14 CFR Part __ Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement Proceedings (Formal Complaints)
16
________ is statutory and is considered a crime against society.
Criminal law
_________ is governed primarily by state laws, which vary by state, but is typically not considered to be a criminal offense.
infraction
_______ is considered to involve injury to an individual, rather than to the society as a whole.
Civil law
____________ is a legal concept that the government cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution.
Governmental immunity
___________ is the failure to use reasonable care.
Negligence
_________, which waives the immunity if the act of a government employee caused damage
Federal Tort Claims Act
________, which waives immunity over claims arising out of contracts with the federal government.
Tucker Act
The ___________ of ___ moved the TSA from the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland Security.
Homeland Security Act of 2002
The ___________ of ____ created the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB); however, it remained a part of the Department of Transportation until the ______________ of ____.
Department of Transportation Act of 1966 Independent Safety Board Act of 1974.
____ is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is charged with the administration of the principles laid out in the convention, including to ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
In ____, the __________________ was created by Airport Executives around the world to represent common interests and to promote cooperation with associates in the air transport industry.
1991, Airports Council International (ACI)
The _________________________________ is a nonprofit organization created to bring together law enforcement leaders and facilitate communication between Airport Executives, intelligence officers, and investigators of airport law enforcement agencies to address mutual problems common to the field of airport law enforcement and aviation security.
Airport Law Enforcement Agencies Network (ALEAN)
Founded in ____, ___________________ promotes safe, reliable, secure, and economical air services for the benefit of the world’s consumers.
1945, International Air Transport Association (IATA)
founded in ____, _____________ is the nation’s oldest and largest airline trade association that represents the nation’s leading airlines.
1936, Airlines for America (A4A)
The _________________ represents and advocates for more than 54,000 pilots at 31 U.S. and Canadian airlines, making it the world’s largest airline pilot union.
Air Line Pilots’ Association (ALPA)
Founded in ____, the ____________ provides various technical government relations and public relations services for regional airlines.
1975, Regional Airline Association (RAA)
The ________________ was founded in ____ and are the leading organization for companies who rely on GA aircraft to help make their businesses more efficient, productive, and successful.
The National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) , 1947
Established in ____, the _________________ is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to General Aviation and has fought to keep GA fun, safe, and affordable.
1939, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)
Founded in ____, the ________________ represents the interests of the GA business community before Congress and federal, state, and local government agencies.
1940, National Air Transportation Association (NATA)
Formed in ____, the _______________ is the premier trade association representing the nation’s leading manufacturers and suppliers of civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial systems, space systems, aircraft engines, missiles, materiel and related components, services, and information technology.
1919, Aerospace Industries Association (AIA)
The states first established the __________, formed in ____, is to ensure uniformity of safety measures, to standardize airport regulations, and to develop a truly national air transportation system responsive to local, state, and regional needs.
National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), 1931
In ____, the Federal Labor Relations Authority’s certified the as the exclusive bargaining representative of Federal Aviation Administration air traffic controllers.
1987, National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)
The _________________________ provides services that directly benefit the operations of their members and strives to advance the international helicopter community by providing programs that enhance safety, encourage professionalism, and foster economic viability while promoting the unique contributions vertical flight offers to society.
Helicopter Association International (HAI)
Grant Assurance _, Good Title requires the airport to hold good title to the airport that is satisfactory to the FAA or to give satisfactory assurance to the FAA that good title will be acquired.
4
Grant Assurance _, Preserving Rights and Powers prevents an Airport Sponsor from taking any action that may deprive the Airport Sponsor of its rights and powers to direct and control airport development and comply with the grant assurances.
5
______________ use is addressed in Grant Assurance #__ Compatible Land Use, which requires the airport to make an attempt to restrict the use of adjacent land, or land in the immediate vicinity, to activities and purposes compatible with airport operations.
Off-airport land, 21
Height restrictions are addressed in Grant Assurance __ Hazard Removal and Mitigation, which requires the airport to take necessary actions to protect the airspace around the airport including visual and instrument approach paths.
20
Grant Assurance __, Airport Layout Plan, requires the Airport Sponsor to delineate the airport’s boundaries, including all facilities, and to identify plans for future development on its _____________.
29, Airport Layout Plan (ALP)
Grant Assurance __ Operation and Maintenance is the most encompassing federal Grant Assurance related to the day-to-day operation of an airport.
19
Grant Assurance __ Operations and Maintenance requires the airport to be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and requires the airport operator to operate and maintain the airport in a safe and serviceable condition, and in accordance with the _____________.
19, Minimum Standards (MS)
Grant Assurance __ Economic Nondiscrimination
22
Grant Assurance __ Exclusive Rights
23
Grant Assurance __, Competitive Access, requires large and medium hub airport operators to report to the Secretary of Transportation any denial of a request by an air carrier for access to the airport
39
Grant Assurance _ Preserving Rights and Powers restricts the Airport Sponsor from taking any action that would deprive it of the ability to properly manage the airport.
5
Through-the-Fence (TTF) operation is ______ _____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _______ _____.
a business operation that is located off the airport property and is therefore not under the control of the airport, but which has access to the airport runway and taxiway system through an access agreement.
It is up to the ________________ to educate the policy makers and others with interests or controls over the airport’s fiscal processes to avoid violating Grant Assurances and possibly incurring significant financial penalties.
Airport Executive
Airport revenue generally consists of three types: _________, __________ and _________.
aeronautical, non-aeronautical and non-Operating.
_________________ includes services provided by air carriers related directly and substantially to the movement of passengers, baggage, mail, and cargo at the airport.
Aeronautical revenue
____________________ includes land rent received from an off- industrial park that is owned by the airport, reservations centers, catering facilities, rental car operations, parking, and concession sales.
Non-aeronautical revenue
____________________ includes Passenger Facility Charges, Customer Facility Charges (i.e. landside access fees for commercial ground transportation such as taxi cabs and limousines), interest income, and grants.
Non-operating revenue
Aircraft operators pay this fee for use of the airfield, runway and taxiway system, snow removal, aircraft rescue and firefighting, security, and other airport services.
Landing Fees
This charge is a percentage on the amount of fuel sold on the airport to be collected as airport revenue.
Fuel Flowage Fee
