Mod 1

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug in the living body

Question 2

pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

study of the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions in living organisms

Question 3

pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 3

use of drugs (clinical indication) in the prevention and treatment of disease

Question 4

Toxicology

Answer 4

the study of poisons, including the adverse effects of the drug on living organisms

Question 5

pharmacognosy

Answer 5

deals with natural drugs- plants, animals or minerals and their products
- benefit of chemically developed drugs are they are free of the impurities found in natural substances

Question 6

pharmacentic phase

Answer 6

where the drug becomes a solution so it can pass the biologic membrane so it can be used by the body

Question 7

pharmacogenetics

Answer 7

how the effect of a drug action varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influence

Question 8

controlled drugs

Answer 8

may lead to drug abuse or drug dependence, use is controlled by federal, state, or local laws

Question 9

drug abuse

Answer 9

self directed use of drugs for nontherapeutic purposes

Question 10

drug dependence

Answer 10

when a person can’t control drug intake. make physiologic or psychological or both

Question 11

drug misuse

Answer 11

improper use of common drugs that can lead to GI bleeding, kidney or liver damage

Question 12

recreational durgs

Answer 12

used for pleasant psychological of physical effects with no therapeutic aim

Question 13

chemical name

Answer 13

describes the atomic and molecular structure

Question 14

generic name

Answer 14

derived from chemical name but shorter

Question 15

trade name

Answer 15

brand name, by the company marketing it, protected by copyright

Question 16

prototype drug

Answer 16

a method to group drugs- a representative drug foe each class ex. morphine

Question 17

1908

Answer 17

sulfa

Question 18

1922

Answer 18

insulin

Question 19

plant source examples

Answer 19

caffeine, nicotine, glycosides, oils

Question 20

animals sources

Answer 20

body fluids or glands: hormones-insulin, oils- cod liver oil, enzymes- pancreatin, vaccines, epinephrine

Question 21

mineral sources

Answer 21

maybe combined with other ingredients: coal tar with an acid yields salicylic acid, iron, iodine, zinc

Question 22

laboratory

Answer 22

produce chemical source- PCN, oral contraceptives, humalin insulin

Question 23

who monitors new drug development?

Answer 23

FDA- food and drug administration

Question 24

IND ( Investigational new drug)

Answer 24

after reviewing drug studies and effectiveness of a new durg the FDA will approve an application for an IND

Question 25

How many drug phases are there?

Answer 25

3

if the IND passes these phases then the company completes a NDA (new drug application)

Question 26

what kind of drug is useful to treat a rare disease and is costly to develop?

Answer 26

orphan drugs

Question 27

what did the pure food and drug act of 1906 do?

Answer 27

• required labeling for the presence of 11 identified dangerous or addictive ingredients
• prohibited false and misleading claims made on packaging (but no in other advertising materials)

Question 28

what did the Harrison Narcotic act of 1914 do?

Answer 28

• attempted to curb drug addiction and dependence for the first time
• established “narcotic” as a legal term

Question 29

what acts required safety studies before a new drug could be marketed and required labels to be accurate and complete?

Answer 29

food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938

Question 30

what did the durham-humphrey amendment of 1952 do?

Answer 30

required legend drugs to be dispensable only by prescription
(distinguished between prescription and over the counter)

Question 31

what did the Kefauver-harris amendment of 1962 do?

Answer 31

• required proof of safety and efficacy before the drug could be approved for use
• established drug testing methods
• required that all drugs introduced from 1936 to 1962 be rated for effective and ineffective drugs be withdrawn from the market
• gained strong support in the wake of the thalidomide tragedy in Europe

Question 32

what act was designed to curb drug abuse and categorize drugs by their potential for abuse (created schedule of controlled substances)?

Answer 32

controlled substances act of 1970

Question 33

what act streamlined the drug investigation process allowing for earlier release of new drugs to the public?

Answer 33

Drug regulation act of 1978

Question 34

what are schedule I drugs?

Answer 34

drugs that have a high abuse potential, no currently accepted medical use in the US and pose unacceptable danger Ex. heroin, LSD, mescaline, methaqualone

Question 35

what are schedule II drugs?

Answer 35

drugs have high abuse potential, but with currently acceptable therapeutic use. May lead to physical or psychological dependence or both. Written prescriptions are required, no telephone renewals.

Question 36

what are schedule III drugs?

Answer 36

drugs that have a lower abuse potential than schedule I or II. Current acceptable therapeutic use in the US. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical or psychological dependence or both. prescription required to be rewritten after 6 months or 5 refills
EX. non-narcotic derivatives of barbituric acid, paregoric, Tylenol with codeine

Question 37

what are schedule IV drugs?

Answer 37

Drugs with less abuse potential than schedule III, acceptable therapeutic use in the US. written or oral prescription required, with refills limited to 5.
EX. barbital, phenobarbital, choral hydrate, valium, Ativan

Question 38

what are schedule V drugs?

Answer 38

drugs with lower abuse potential and with currently acceptable therapeutic use in the US
EX. cough syrup that contains codine, lomotil, terpin hydrate (antitussive)