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Modalities > Mod. 1-3 > Flashcards

Mod. 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a physiological justification for tx?

A

what is (physiologically)happening to the tissue
how intervention is working towards goal (on provider level)

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2
Q

What is clinical justification?

A

the impact on pt’s function (for reimbursement purposes)
convince pt why exercise is important

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3
Q

mode of energy using direct contact between agents (heat transferred from high to low)

A

conduction

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4
Q

mode of energy using direct contact with a circulating medium with different temperature material

A

convection

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5
Q

mode of energy with heat transfer when a liquid absorbs energy and changes to a vapor

A

evaporation

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6
Q

mode of energy transfer from high to low temp without medium or direct contact

A

radiation

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7
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

heat, redness, edema, pain, loss of function

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8
Q

how long does inflammatory phase last

A

1-6 days

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9
Q

Name 3 stages of tissue healing

A

inflammation
proliferation
maturation/remodeling

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10
Q

what happens during proliferation phase of healing

A

granulation tissue forms
fibroblasts deposit collagen
angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation)

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11
Q

describe A-beta fibers

A

large, myelinated
fastest transmission
transmit non-noxious stimuli
gate control theory

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12
Q

describe A-delta fibers

A

small & myelinated
medium transmission of noxious stimuli
transmit “fast pain”/acute sensation
not blocked by opioids

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13
Q

describe C fibers

A

smallest, unmyelinated
transmit noxious stimuli (diffuse, chronic pain)
blocked with opioids

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14
Q

Ascending pathway: synapse area?
which NT released?
destination of relay signal?

A

substantia gelatinosa
substance P
thalamus in brain

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15
Q

pain type: ill-defined, diffuse; travel/expands to other areas

A

radiating

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16
Q

pain type: sensation originates from somewhere other than pain site

A

referred

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17
Q

pain type: sharp pain that travels along nerve pathway (usually from neck/spine)

A

radicular

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18
Q

pain type: musculoskeletal (tendons, joints, mm)

A

somatic

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19
Q

pain type: accompanied by s/s of neuro dysfunction (ex: pins, needles, tingle)

A

neuropathic

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20
Q

pain type: unlocalized, referred pain from receptors in vital organs

A

visceral

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21
Q

gate control theory: which nerve fiber blocks others?
interneuron stimulated to release what?
inhibits release of what?

A

A-beta fibers
enkaphalin
substance P

22
Q

Name 4 pain scale types

A

visual analog scale
numeric rating scale
Wong-Baker faces
body diagrams
McGill questionairre (descriptor words)

23
Q

how deep into tissues do superficial thermal agents affect?

A

2 cm

24
Q

Name 3 indications for thermotherapy

A

abnormal tone
subacute/chronic pain
decreased ROM
myofascial trigger points
mm guarding & spasm

25
Q

Name 3 physiological effects of thermotherapy

A

increased nerve conduction
vasodilation
inc. pain threshold (gate control)
inc. collagen extensibility
altered tissue extensibility
dec. muscle strength
inc. metabolic rate/activity
dec. neuron firing rate & mm spasm

26
Q

Name 3 contraindications for thermotherapy

A

acute inflammation/injury
peripheral vascular disease
area of compromised circulation
arterial disease
bleeding/hemorrhage
thrombophlebitis
area of malignancy

27
Q

Moist hot pack parameters: temp, tx time, layers

A

~160*
15-20 min
6-8 layers

28
Q

Contrast bath parameters: temps, tx time

A

hot: ~105*
cold: ~ 55*
25-30 min

29
Q

Paraffin bath dip-wrap parameters: temp, # dips, tx time

A

130*
6-10 dips
10-15min

30
Q

paraffin bath parameters (dip immersion & paint): temp, dips/paint layers, tx time

A

~130*
6-10 dips/paint layers
20 min (submerge w/ unit off)

31
Q

Name 3 cryotherapy indications

A

acute/subacute/chronic pain or inflammation
bursitis
abnormal tone
muscle spasm
myofascial trigger points
musculoskeletal trauma
tendonitis, tenosynovitis

32
Q

contraindications for cryotherapy

A

cold intolerance
peripheral vascular disease
area of compromised circulation
infections
skin anesthesia (reduced sensation)
Raynaud’s disease
regenerating peripheral nerves
cold urticaria (hives)
(paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
cryoglobulinemia)

33
Q

Name 3 physiological effects of cryotherapy

A

vasoconstriction
inc. blood viscosity
dec. nerve conduction velocity
inc. pain threshold (gate control)
altered muscle strength
dec. muscle spasm
dec. spasticity
dec. metabolic activity
facilitation of muscle contraction

34
Q

Cold Pack Parameters: temp, tx time, layers

A

~25*
15-20 min
1 moist layer

35
Q

Ice Massage Parameters: time, layers, area

A

5-10 min
direct contact to skin
smaller contoured, localized areas

36
Q

Cold compression parameters: temp, pressure, tx time

A

~60*
max 60 mm Hg
15-20 min

37
Q

cold immersion parameters: temp, tx time

A

60*
15-20 min

38
Q

Vapocoolant spray parameters: sweep # & direction, inches from skin

A

2-5, distal to proximal
12-18 in from skin
inc. stretch each time

39
Q

TENS indications

A

pain (acute, chronic)

40
Q

Name 5 TENS & IFC contraindications

A

cardiac pacemaker
cardiac arrhythmia
over pregnant uterus
over carotid sinus (anterior neck)
malignancy
infection
phlebitis
seizure disorder
osteomyelitis
bladder stimulator
*no low rate TENS if mm contraction would disrupt acute healing

41
Q

Physiological Effects of TENS

A

pain relief (gate control or endogenous opioid)

42
Q

Conventional/High Rate TENS parameters:
frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, tx time, pain mechanism

A

30-150pps
50-100 us
to sensory response (acute pain)
as needed (max 24 hrs)
gate control

43
Q

Acupuncture-like/Low-Rate TENS parameters:
frequency
pulse duration
amplitude
tx time
pain mechanism

A

2-10pps
100-300 us
to motor response (mm twitch)/chronic pain
20-30 min
endogenous opioid

44
Q

name 3 IFC indications

A

pain (acute, chronic)
dec. circulation
edema
muscle spasm
muscle stimulation- for stress incontinence

45
Q

physiological effects with IFC

A

pain relief (gate control, endogenous opioid)
inc. local blood flow
muscle stimulation

46
Q

IFC Pain Control (Gate theory) Parameters: beat frequency, amplitude, tx time

A

80-200 Hz
sensory (low, tingling)
20-30 min

47
Q

IFC Pain Control (endogenous opioid) Parameters: beat frequency, amplitude, tx time

A

0-10 Hz
muscle twitch
20-30 min

48
Q

IFC Inc. Blood Flow/MM Stim. Parameters:
frequency, amplitude, tx time

A

10-20 or 25 Hz
muscle twitch
20-30 min

49
Q

IFC quadripolar vs. bi-polar/pre-mod

A

quad: 2 channels, 4 electrodes in “X” criss-cross vector
pre-mod: 1 channel, 2 electrodes w/ oval vector (more diffuse)

50
Q

IFC Fixed vs. sweep

A

fixed: keeps same beat frequency within machine
sweep: timed, fluctuation between 2 different (high/low) frequencies

Modalities (4 decks)

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