Mod 1 Flashcards
What is ultrafiltration?
Fluid pushed through the semi permeable membrane (spm)
What is convection?
Solutes dragged across SPM along with fluid.
What is diffusion?
Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is osmosis?
Fluid moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
What are the kidneys’ excretory functions?
To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, and provide fluid and acid base balance.
How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions
By normalizing electrolytes through the use of acid concentration and providing fluid balance through ultrafiltration.
What is the function of the acid concentrate?
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes.
What is the function of bicarbonate in dialysate solution?
Buffers the acid concentrate
What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patients blood?
Normalizes body pH
Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia?
> 5.5 mEq symptoms:
extreme muscle weakness
Abnormal heart rhythm
Possible cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms Hypokalemia?
<3.5 mEq symptoms:
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Paralysis
Respiratory failure
Cardiac instability
Arrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
What is normal blood pH range?
7.35-7.45
What are the kidneys’ endocrine functions?
Renin secretion, erythropouetin secretion, and vitamin D activation.
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?
Provide medication.
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis?
15%
What is uremia, and how does it affect the body?
Uremia is a build-up of waste in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycyatic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD.
Slowing the progression of ckd
Managing comorbidities and complications.
Controlling symptoms
Minimizing the effects of ckd on patients’ lifestyles.
Kidney replacement therapy modality education.
Encouraging patients to actively participate in their Healthcare.
Why is it important to know what caused your patients ckd?
The nurse and pct can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessment.
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance?
Hypertension
Edema
Shortness of breath
Why is sodium balance important?
Leads to volume expansion
Increased cardiac output
Increased peripheral vascular resistance.
Increased blood pressure.
Systemic effects of ckd?
Dry, itchy skin - use hyper fatted soaps/lotion
Peripheral neuropathy - monitor patient changes in motor function. Decreased strength in legs. Restless legs. Burning feet.
Gi problems - bleeding problems/ constipation/diarrhea.
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