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Neurobio Mod 1 > Mod 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of organ system

A

Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

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2
Q

provides body structure & support

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

major organs of Skeletal System

A

Bones, cartilage

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4
Q

creates new blood cells for circulation & stores lipids

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

allows for movement

A

Muscular System

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6
Q

What is the major organ of Muscular System?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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7
Q

ventilation system for body

A

Respiratory System

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8
Q

takes oxygen & release carbon dioxide from blood

A

Respiratory System

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9
Q

Major organs of Respiratory System

A

Lungs, Diaphragm, Trachea

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10
Q

releases sweat, & heat from blood to help control body temp

A

Integumentary System

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11
Q

protects body, transfer of heat; sensory respiration

A

Integumentary System

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12
Q

Major organs of Integumentary System

A

Skin, nails

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13
Q

circulates hormones around body to control body functions; maintains homeostasis

A

Endocrine System

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14
Q

Major organs of Endocrine System

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenals, Pancreas, Hypothalamus

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15
Q

works to help maintain circulatory system as well as housing cells responsible for immunity

A

Lymphatic system

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16
Q

Major organ/s of Lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

breaks down macromolecules & absorbs necessary nutrients

A

Digestive System

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18
Q

serves as multiple systems (but is considered a part of DS)

A

Liver

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19
Q

Major organs of Digestive system

A

Stomach, Large intestine, Small intestine

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20
Q

3 sections of the Small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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21
Q

filters waste from blood; maintains bodies internal nutrients balance

A

Excretory System

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22
Q

transport substances throughout the body

A

Circulatory system

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23
Q

rids of body wastes via urethra

A

Excretory System

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24
Q

other name for Excretory System

A

Urinary/Renal System

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25
Q

Major organs for Excretory System

A

Kidney, Urethra, Bladder

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26
Q

circulates oxygen, co2 heat, water, nutrients, waste

A

Circulatory system

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27
Q

other name for Circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular system

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28
Q

Major organs of Circulatory system

A

Heart, Arteries, Veins

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29
Q

producing offspring, regulating sexual characteristics

A

Reproductive system

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30
Q

Major organs of Reproductive system

A

Testes, Uterus, Ovaries

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31
Q

facilitates gas exchange between cells & the environment

A

Respiratory system

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32
Q

Which structures are a part of Upper Respiratory System?

A

Nasal cavity & Pharynx

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33
Q

Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Brochioles, & Lungs (alveoli) comprise which part of RS?

A

Lower Respiratory System

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34
Q

Without oxygen to fuel cellular respiration, cells begin to die within minutes examples of this are?

A

Stroke, heart attack

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35
Q

expel carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration which could build up to toxic levels

A

Lungs

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36
Q

helps the process of digestion by releasing substances that assist the stomach & intestine in breaking down food & toxic substances in the blood

A

Liver

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37
Q

Process of how DS works

A

Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Intestines-Lower Gastrointestinal tract-Liver(?)

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38
Q

the body’s entire blood volume take how long to circulate?

A

A minute

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39
Q

high speed expressway for distributing oxygen, nutrients, messages, and removing wastes

A

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

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40
Q

central pump of the circulatory system, send blood throughout the body at very high speeds

A

Heart

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41
Q

pumps blood through a special circuit to send large amount of blood through the lungs quickly

A

Heart

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42
Q

the oxygen-delivery system that carry oxygenated blood through the body at high speeds & pressures

A

Arteries

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43
Q

have walls of smooth muscle which contract to help blood moving, even away from the heart

A

Arteries

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44
Q

If an _______ is injured, the body’s whole blood volume can drain out through it very fast

A

Artery

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45
Q

the second type of blood vessel

A

Vein

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46
Q

the highway that runs in the opposite direction to the arteries

A

Veins

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47
Q

returns deoxygenated blood to the return blood to the heart

A

Veins

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48
Q

The blood in ______ moves a bit slower & at a lower pressures

A

Veins

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49
Q

tiny blood vessels which carry blood all throughout the tissues

A

Capillaries

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50
Q

ensure efficient delivery of the required substances to every cell

A

Capillaries

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51
Q

transports chemical messages, such as hormones around the body which allows adrenal glands to send messages that cause our body to prepare for fight or flight

A

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

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52
Q

body’s drainage system

A

Urinary/Excretory/Renal System

53
Q

regulate the volume of fluid & electrocyte balance in the body, ensuring homeostasis is maintained

A

Urinary/Excretory/Renal System

54
Q

waste liquid filtered out by kidneys is delivered and stored in?

A

Bladder

55
Q

secrete chemical signals that allow body systems to respond to environmental changes & to one another

A

Endocrine System

56
Q

Functions of Endocrine

A

-Fight or Flight Response
-Reproductive Signals
-Hungry & Full

57
Q

Function of endocrine where in there is a threat in the environment; make body ready to either fight or flee from potential threat

A

Fight or flight response

58
Q

The adrenalin gland secrets adrenaline & in response, the heart pumps blood faster, breathing deepens to take in more oxygen & nervous system sharpens perception & memory formation

A

Fight or flight response

59
Q

Function of endocrine where in the body is ready to reproduce, the ovaries/testes send hormones that influence specific organs including brain

A

Reproductive signals

60
Q

an example of this is menstrual cycle, the uterus prepares for pregnancy & if egg is not fertilized, the thicken endometrium will shed its blood, producing monthly cycle

A

Reproductive Signals

61
Q

Function of endocrine where in the body is hungry, body releases hormones to tell the brain & other organs to look for food, & when body is full it tells body to stop eating

A

Hungry & full

62
Q

hormones that tell brain & organ systems to look for food

A

Ghrelin

63
Q

hormone that tell body to stop eating when full

A

Leptin

64
Q

network of lymphatic vessels that drains excess tissue fluid (lymph) from intercellular fluid compartment

A

Lymphatic/Immune System

65
Q

other name for Lymphatic System

A

Immune System

66
Q

white blood cells of the immune system

A

Lymphocytes

67
Q

functions to convey & eliminate toxins & waste from the body; recirculate proteins; defend body from microorganisms

A

Lymphatic System

68
Q

a watery tissue fluid similar consistency to blood plasma

A

Lymph

69
Q

found in the subcutaneous tissue alongside veins

A

Superficial lymphatic vessels

70
Q

picks up excess fluid & transported through lymphatic plexuses into lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

71
Q

What are the two division of Lymphatic system?

A

Primary lymphatic organs & Secondary lymphatic organs

72
Q

produce lymphocytes & release them into lymphatic vessels

A

Primary lymphatic organs

73
Q

organs in the Primary lymphatic organs are?

A

Thymus, Red bone marrow

74
Q

Organs in the Secondary lymphatic organs

A

Lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, & spleen

75
Q

masses of lymphocyte containing lymphoid tissues, attached to lymphoid vessels

A

Lymph nodes

76
Q

function to filter cellular debris, foreign pathogens, excess tissue fluid, & leaked plasma proteins

A

Lymph nodes

77
Q

consists of 206 bones (adults) that are connected by tendons, ligaments, & cartilage

A

Skeletal System

78
Q

mechanical support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage & endocrine regulation

A

Skeletal system

79
Q

What are the two divisions of Skeletal system

A

Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton

80
Q

consists of bones of the head & trunk

A

Axial skeleton

81
Q

consists of bones within the limbs & supporting pectoral & pelvic girdles

A

Appendicular skeleton

82
Q

place at which bones are fitted together is called

A

Joint or articulation

83
Q

supported by cartilages & reinforced with ligaments

A

Joints

84
Q

series of bones that extends around the thoracic activity to protect the heart & lungs

A

Rib cage

85
Q

series of interconnected bones that serve to encase & protect our brain from damage

A

Cranium

86
Q

Therefore, our ______ also protects our most vital organs

A

Skeleton

87
Q

How many muscles are there in the body

A

650

88
Q

What is the largest bone in the body

A

Femur

89
Q

Smallest bone in the body

A

Stapes

90
Q

aids in movement, blood flow, & other bodily functions

A

Muscular system

91
Q

What are the three types of muscle types

A

Smooth, cardiac, & skeletal muscle

92
Q

A type of muscle that are found in within the wall of the blood vessels & hollow organs such as the stomach & intestine, involuntary

A

Smooth muscles

93
Q

A type of muscle that is also known as myocadium, found in the heart & helps in pumping, involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle cells

94
Q

type of muscle that is attached to the bones of the body

A

Skeletal muscle

95
Q

Among the three types of muscles, this is the only one that is voluntary or controlled consciously & produces movement

A

Skeletal muscle

96
Q

categorized as striated muscle, their muscles are arranged in a repetitive fashion giving striped appearance

A

Skeletal & cardiac muscles

97
Q

non-striated muscle, muscles are not arranged in repetitive pattern (sarcomeres)

A

Smooth muscle

98
Q

other name for Reproductive System

A

Genital System

99
Q

Two different reproductive systems

A

Male system & female system

100
Q

primarily concerned with producing sperm & finding mates

A

Male system

101
Q

must prepare for pregnancy, childbirth, & baby care for reproduction to be successful

A

Female system

102
Q

What are the parts of a male reproductive system which produces sperm

A

Penis, testes

103
Q

What are the parts of a female reproductive system which produces eggs

A

Vagina, Uterus, ovaries

104
Q

a particularly fascinating study in the way body systems work together to ensure survival

A

Female reproductive system

105
Q

The major effects of the reproductive hormones are on the __________ themselves

A

Reproductive organs

106
Q

must bring eggs for maturity & prepare uterine lining, rich in blood vessels, to nurture a possible embryo

A

Reproductive organs

107
Q

As menstrual cycle progresses, ________ may alter the body temp, blood flow & even appetite & attraction to opposite sex, to ensure all right resources are in place at the right tine for reproduction to proceed

A

Hormones

108
Q

Integumentary system is also known as

A

Exocrine System

109
Q

set of organs that forms external covering of the body

A

Integumentary/Exocrine system

110
Q

our body’s first line of defense against pathogens, harmful substances, injuries

A

Skin

111
Q

controls how much heat & water our body loses to environment, allowing us to sweat

A

Skin

112
Q

a surprisingly complex material, scientists have not been able to reproduce artificially

A

Skin

113
Q

dynamic tissue, maintained by nourishing circulatory system underneath

A

Skin

114
Q

part of our skin’s regulation system which is the tightening of the skin raises our fine hairs upright, trapping warm air close to our close

A

Goosebumps

115
Q

three layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

116
Q

a thick keratinized epithelium made of multiple cell layers

A

Epidermis

117
Q

a layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels & nerves that supply the skin

A

Dermis

118
Q

consists of fat, connective tissue & skin appendages (hair, nails, sebaceous & sweat glands)

A

Hypodermis (underlying fascia)

119
Q

excretes waste, contains sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, & temp & provides for vitamin D synthesis

A

Integumentary/Exocrine System

120
Q

controls how we interact & respond to our environment, by controlling the function of the organs in our body system

A

Nervous System

121
Q

allows us to perceive & respond to the world around us, including emotions & personality

A

Nervous System

122
Q

organs of the Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal chord, sensory organs

123
Q

act to transmit neural signals around the body

A

Neurons

124
Q

What are the two divisions of Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

125
Q

Functionally, Two parts of Nervous System

A

Somatic (SNS) or Voluntary Nervous System & Autonomic (ANS) or Involuntary Nervous System

126
Q

control center that receives data, analyzes it, & commands the body to respond

A

Brain

127
Q

highly specialized cells which transmit signals extremely rapidly by firing electrochemical potentials

A

Neurons

128
Q

How many percent of calories we eat are used by neurons to allow us to perceive, feel, think & respond

A

25% of calories

Neurobio Mod 1 (1 decks)

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