Mod 1 Flashcards
Overview of organ system
Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
provides body structure & support
Skeletal System
major organs of Skeletal System
Bones, cartilage
creates new blood cells for circulation & stores lipids
Bone marrow
allows for movement
Muscular System
What is the major organ of Muscular System?
Skeletal Muscle
ventilation system for body
Respiratory System
takes oxygen & release carbon dioxide from blood
Respiratory System
Major organs of Respiratory System
Lungs, Diaphragm, Trachea
releases sweat, & heat from blood to help control body temp
Integumentary System
protects body, transfer of heat; sensory respiration
Integumentary System
Major organs of Integumentary System
Skin, nails
circulates hormones around body to control body functions; maintains homeostasis
Endocrine System
Major organs of Endocrine System
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenals, Pancreas, Hypothalamus
works to help maintain circulatory system as well as housing cells responsible for immunity
Lymphatic system
Major organ/s of Lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
breaks down macromolecules & absorbs necessary nutrients
Digestive System
serves as multiple systems (but is considered a part of DS)
Liver
Major organs of Digestive system
Stomach, Large intestine, Small intestine
3 sections of the Small intestine
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
filters waste from blood; maintains bodies internal nutrients balance
Excretory System
transport substances throughout the body
Circulatory system
rids of body wastes via urethra
Excretory System
other name for Excretory System
Urinary/Renal System
Major organs for Excretory System
Kidney, Urethra, Bladder
circulates oxygen, co2 heat, water, nutrients, waste
Circulatory system
other name for Circulatory system
Cardiovascular system
Major organs of Circulatory system
Heart, Arteries, Veins
producing offspring, regulating sexual characteristics
Reproductive system
Major organs of Reproductive system
Testes, Uterus, Ovaries
facilitates gas exchange between cells & the environment
Respiratory system
Which structures are a part of Upper Respiratory System?
Nasal cavity & Pharynx
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Brochioles, & Lungs (alveoli) comprise which part of RS?
Lower Respiratory System
Without oxygen to fuel cellular respiration, cells begin to die within minutes examples of this are?
Stroke, heart attack
expel carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration which could build up to toxic levels
Lungs
helps the process of digestion by releasing substances that assist the stomach & intestine in breaking down food & toxic substances in the blood
Liver
Process of how DS works
Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Intestines-Lower Gastrointestinal tract-Liver(?)
the body’s entire blood volume take how long to circulate?
A minute
high speed expressway for distributing oxygen, nutrients, messages, and removing wastes
Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
central pump of the circulatory system, send blood throughout the body at very high speeds
Heart
pumps blood through a special circuit to send large amount of blood through the lungs quickly
Heart
the oxygen-delivery system that carry oxygenated blood through the body at high speeds & pressures
Arteries
have walls of smooth muscle which contract to help blood moving, even away from the heart
Arteries
If an _______ is injured, the body’s whole blood volume can drain out through it very fast
Artery
the second type of blood vessel
Vein
the highway that runs in the opposite direction to the arteries
Veins
returns deoxygenated blood to the return blood to the heart
Veins
The blood in ______ moves a bit slower & at a lower pressures
Veins
tiny blood vessels which carry blood all throughout the tissues
Capillaries
ensure efficient delivery of the required substances to every cell
Capillaries
transports chemical messages, such as hormones around the body which allows adrenal glands to send messages that cause our body to prepare for fight or flight
Circulatory/Cardiovascular System
body’s drainage system
Urinary/Excretory/Renal System
regulate the volume of fluid & electrocyte balance in the body, ensuring homeostasis is maintained
Urinary/Excretory/Renal System
waste liquid filtered out by kidneys is delivered and stored in?
Bladder
secrete chemical signals that allow body systems to respond to environmental changes & to one another
Endocrine System
Functions of Endocrine
-Fight or Flight Response
-Reproductive Signals
-Hungry & Full
Function of endocrine where in there is a threat in the environment; make body ready to either fight or flee from potential threat
Fight or flight response
The adrenalin gland secrets adrenaline & in response, the heart pumps blood faster, breathing deepens to take in more oxygen & nervous system sharpens perception & memory formation
Fight or flight response
Function of endocrine where in the body is ready to reproduce, the ovaries/testes send hormones that influence specific organs including brain
Reproductive signals
an example of this is menstrual cycle, the uterus prepares for pregnancy & if egg is not fertilized, the thicken endometrium will shed its blood, producing monthly cycle
Reproductive Signals
Function of endocrine where in the body is hungry, body releases hormones to tell the brain & other organs to look for food, & when body is full it tells body to stop eating
Hungry & full
hormones that tell brain & organ systems to look for food
Ghrelin
hormone that tell body to stop eating when full
Leptin
network of lymphatic vessels that drains excess tissue fluid (lymph) from intercellular fluid compartment
Lymphatic/Immune System
other name for Lymphatic System
Immune System
white blood cells of the immune system
Lymphocytes
functions to convey & eliminate toxins & waste from the body; recirculate proteins; defend body from microorganisms
Lymphatic System
a watery tissue fluid similar consistency to blood plasma
Lymph
found in the subcutaneous tissue alongside veins
Superficial lymphatic vessels
picks up excess fluid & transported through lymphatic plexuses into lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
What are the two division of Lymphatic system?
Primary lymphatic organs & Secondary lymphatic organs
produce lymphocytes & release them into lymphatic vessels
Primary lymphatic organs
organs in the Primary lymphatic organs are?
Thymus, Red bone marrow
Organs in the Secondary lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, & spleen
masses of lymphocyte containing lymphoid tissues, attached to lymphoid vessels
Lymph nodes
function to filter cellular debris, foreign pathogens, excess tissue fluid, & leaked plasma proteins
Lymph nodes
consists of 206 bones (adults) that are connected by tendons, ligaments, & cartilage
Skeletal System
mechanical support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage & endocrine regulation
Skeletal system
What are the two divisions of Skeletal system
Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton
consists of bones of the head & trunk
Axial skeleton
consists of bones within the limbs & supporting pectoral & pelvic girdles
Appendicular skeleton
place at which bones are fitted together is called
Joint or articulation
supported by cartilages & reinforced with ligaments
Joints
series of bones that extends around the thoracic activity to protect the heart & lungs
Rib cage
series of interconnected bones that serve to encase & protect our brain from damage
Cranium
Therefore, our ______ also protects our most vital organs
Skeleton
How many muscles are there in the body
650
What is the largest bone in the body
Femur
Smallest bone in the body
Stapes
aids in movement, blood flow, & other bodily functions
Muscular system
What are the three types of muscle types
Smooth, cardiac, & skeletal muscle
A type of muscle that are found in within the wall of the blood vessels & hollow organs such as the stomach & intestine, involuntary
Smooth muscles
A type of muscle that is also known as myocadium, found in the heart & helps in pumping, involuntary
Cardiac muscle cells
type of muscle that is attached to the bones of the body
Skeletal muscle
Among the three types of muscles, this is the only one that is voluntary or controlled consciously & produces movement
Skeletal muscle
categorized as striated muscle, their muscles are arranged in a repetitive fashion giving striped appearance
Skeletal & cardiac muscles
non-striated muscle, muscles are not arranged in repetitive pattern (sarcomeres)
Smooth muscle
other name for Reproductive System
Genital System
Two different reproductive systems
Male system & female system
primarily concerned with producing sperm & finding mates
Male system
must prepare for pregnancy, childbirth, & baby care for reproduction to be successful
Female system
What are the parts of a male reproductive system which produces sperm
Penis, testes
What are the parts of a female reproductive system which produces eggs
Vagina, Uterus, ovaries
a particularly fascinating study in the way body systems work together to ensure survival
Female reproductive system
The major effects of the reproductive hormones are on the __________ themselves
Reproductive organs
must bring eggs for maturity & prepare uterine lining, rich in blood vessels, to nurture a possible embryo
Reproductive organs
As menstrual cycle progresses, ________ may alter the body temp, blood flow & even appetite & attraction to opposite sex, to ensure all right resources are in place at the right tine for reproduction to proceed
Hormones
Integumentary system is also known as
Exocrine System
set of organs that forms external covering of the body
Integumentary/Exocrine system
our body’s first line of defense against pathogens, harmful substances, injuries
Skin
controls how much heat & water our body loses to environment, allowing us to sweat
Skin
a surprisingly complex material, scientists have not been able to reproduce artificially
Skin
dynamic tissue, maintained by nourishing circulatory system underneath
Skin
part of our skin’s regulation system which is the tightening of the skin raises our fine hairs upright, trapping warm air close to our close
Goosebumps
three layers of the skin
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
a thick keratinized epithelium made of multiple cell layers
Epidermis
a layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels & nerves that supply the skin
Dermis
consists of fat, connective tissue & skin appendages (hair, nails, sebaceous & sweat glands)
Hypodermis (underlying fascia)
excretes waste, contains sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, & temp & provides for vitamin D synthesis
Integumentary/Exocrine System
controls how we interact & respond to our environment, by controlling the function of the organs in our body system
Nervous System
allows us to perceive & respond to the world around us, including emotions & personality
Nervous System
organs of the Nervous System
Brain, spinal chord, sensory organs
act to transmit neural signals around the body
Neurons
What are the two divisions of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Functionally, Two parts of Nervous System
Somatic (SNS) or Voluntary Nervous System & Autonomic (ANS) or Involuntary Nervous System
control center that receives data, analyzes it, & commands the body to respond
Brain
highly specialized cells which transmit signals extremely rapidly by firing electrochemical potentials
Neurons
How many percent of calories we eat are used by neurons to allow us to perceive, feel, think & respond
25% of calories
