Mod 1

Question 1

Darwin’s theory of evolution

Answer 1

1. Variation
2. Over reproduction
3. Competition
4. Natural selection
5. Evolution

Question 2

How many years ago did cetacians evolve?

Answer 2

53-54 mya

Question 3

How many years ago did sirenians evolve

Answer 3

50 mya

Question 4

How many years ago did baleen whales evolve?

Answer 4

35 mya

Question 5

How many years ago did pinnipeds evolve?

Answer 5

25-27 mya

Question 6

How many years ago did true seals evolve?

Answer 6

20 mya

Question 7

How many years ago did the walrus evolve

Answer 7

15 mya

Question 8

How many years ago did the fur seals evolve?

Answer 8

11 mya

Question 9

How many years ago did sea otters evolve

Answer 9

1-3 mya

Question 10

How many years ago did polar bears evolve?

Answer 10

0.5-1 mya

Question 11

What is the first differentiator of a deuterostome?

Answer 11

The blastopore becomes the anus, and the gut does not travel through the brain

Question 12

What structures do the pharyngeal slits form in chordates?

Answer 12

Jaw, hyoid, ears, larynx, and lungs

Question 13

What does the dorsal hollow nervous system do?

Answer 13

Coordination of locomotion with sensory info from the environment

Question 14

What does the notochord do?

Answer 14

stores energy for increased locomotion efficiency

Question 15

Mammalian characteristics

Answer 15

Hair/fur, mammary glands, homeotherms/warm blooded

Question 16

Names of the ear bones

Answer 16

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 17

deuterostome blastopore becomes the ___

Answer 17

anus end of the gut

Question 18

t/f: early mammals gave live birth

Answer 18

false, they still laid eggs

Question 19

material baleen is made of

Answer 19

keratin

Question 20

specially adapted talus (ankle bone),smooth pulley on 2 sides, used by animals specialized in running, evidence that pakicetoid early whale ancestor

Answer 20

astralagus

Question 21

The posterior gill slits become

Answer 21

The laryngeal skeletob

Question 22

how many years ago did mammals first evolve?

Answer 22

125 mya

Question 23

the first trait to evolve within the vertebrate lineage

Answer 23

bone protecting the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

geological event that preceded the evolution of the major phyla of animal lineages

Answer 24

weathering of minerals from land into ocean

Question 25

original function of hair in mammals

Answer 25

navigation in underground burrows

Question 26

two structures that are analogous share

Answer 26

function

Question 27

two structures that are homologous share

Answer 27

common ancestry

Question 28

where pinnipeds, sea otters and polar bears first appeared in the marine environment

Answer 28

north pacific

Question 29

manatees and dugongs are most closely related to this terrestrial animal

Answer 29

elephants

Question 30

t/f: a pyruvate with less than 3 carbons in its chain can go through anaerobic respiration

Answer 30

false, only one with a chain of more than 3 carbons

Question 31

why is o2 more concentrated in the blood in muscles than in the lungs in deep diving mammals?

Answer 31

the lungs deflate with more pressure from h2o at lower depths

Question 32

how do marine mammals prevent the bends?

Answer 32

exhaling before diving, alveolar collapse

Question 33

inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of body

Answer 33

selective ischemia

Question 34

how do walruses eat?

Answer 34

via suction

Question 35

how do toothed cetaceans eat?

Answer 35

suction through front gap in teeth

Question 36

how do manatees eat?

Answer 36

grinding plant material with molar like teeth

Question 37

marine mammals that hear with their jaws

Answer 37

cetaceans

Question 38

how do manatees hear?

Answer 38

via the zygomatic arch

Question 39

mustelidae

Answer 39

sea otters