mock questions

Question 1

what is the Na+/K+ - ATPase an example of?

Answer 1

Primary active transport

Question 2

what does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart?

Answer 2

Undetermined gender

Question 3

A reproductive union between 2 relatives is known as

Answer 3

consanguinity

Question 4

what is the function of topoisomerase

Answer 4

Unwinds the DNA double by relieving the supercoil

Question 5

what is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 5

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 6

Enolase converts which substrate into phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 6

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 7

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 7

in the matrix of the mitochondrium

Question 8

which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the krebs cycle?

Answer 8

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 9

in which cell type are you most likely to find a perinuclear huff?

Answer 9

Plasma cell

Question 10

what is the regulatory hormone for platelets

Answer 10

thrombopoietin

Question 11

which of the following cell types has a reniform nucleus

Answer 11

monocyte

Question 12

Which artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node

Answer 12

posterior interventricular artery

Question 13

the maxillary artery arises from which of the aortic arches?

Answer 13

arch 1

Question 14

is angiotension II a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor

Answer 14

vasoconstrictor

Question 15

what does the T wave represent on an ECG

Answer 15

Ventricular repolarisation

Question 16

what is contained within the dense granules of platelets?

Answer 16

ADP and thromboxane A2

Question 17

what does the bulbus cordis develop into?

Answer 17

right ventricle

Question 18

what is the function of the periciliary fluid?

Answer 18

it keeps the mucous at an optimum distance from the epithelia

Question 19

At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate

Answer 19

T4

Question 20

what is the definition of functional plasticity

Answer 20

the ability of cells to alter their function in order to accommodate for the current needs of a tissue

Question 21

what is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test

Answer 21

indirect measuring of airway inflammation

Question 22

where can you find central chemoreceptors

Answer 22

in the brainstem

Question 23

what percentage of the surface area of an alveoli does type 1 pneumocyte usually make up?

Answer 23

90%

Question 24

the diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve

Answer 24

phrenic nerve

Question 25

what cartilages are attached to the vocal cords?

Answer 25

arytenoid

Question 26

at which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie?

Answer 26

T8

Question 27

what is an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?

Answer 27

Peyer's patches

Question 28

which salivary gland has a purely serous secretion

Answer 28

parotid glands

Question 29

which type of cell is the equivalent of a pace-maker cell in the intestines?

Answer 29

interstitial cells of Cajal

Question 30

what BMI range is considered to be overweight?

Answer 30

25>29.9

Question 31

what percentage of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

what type of research study is considered to be the 'golden standard'

Answer 32

randomised control trial

Question 33

which is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion?

Answer 33

Cholecystokinin

Question 34

Hyponatraemia is a lack of which ion

Answer 34

Na+ ions

Question 35

what is the typical fluid volume distribution in the interstitial compartment and intracellular compartment in a 70kg male?

Answer 35

* Intracellular =28L/66% (2 marks) * Interstitial = 11/26% (2 marks) * 70kg man has 42L of fluid, this is split into compartments * Intracellular = 28L * Extracellular = 14L > interstitial = 11L & blood/plasma = 3L

Question 36

what is a method of genetic testing in pregnancy

Answer 36

chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis

Question 37

between which chambers of the heart is the foramen ovale located

Answer 37

between the right and left atria

Question 38

define penetrance in genetics

Answer 38

proportion of people with a gene/genotype who show the expected phenotype

Question 39

where does haematopoiesis occur in an adult?

Answer 39

axial bone marrow

Question 40

where does haematopoiesis occur in a foetus

Answer 40

yolk sac, liver, spleen

Question 41

state the structural differences of foetal haemoglobin compared to adult haemoglobin

Answer 41

``` Foetal = 2 alpha & 2 gamma chains Adult = 2 alpha & 2 beta ```

Question 42

name a method that can be used to measure total lung capacity

Answer 42

gas dilution or total body plethysmography

Question 43

state effects of ageing on lung function

Answer 43

delayed response to hypercapnia/hypoxia, decreased FEV/FVC, impaired gas exchange, decreased immune function, change in shape of thorax, stiffening of thoracic cartilage in ribs, decrease in respiratory muscle mass, loss of elastic recoil

Question 44

what type of prevention is smoking cessation with regards to lung cancer?

Answer 44

primary prevention

Question 45

function of parietal cells

Answer 45

secrete HCL, and intrinsic factor

Question 46

function of enteroendocrine cells (G cells)

Answer 46

release gastrin

Question 47

where in the stomach are you most likely to find enteroendocrine (G) cells?

Answer 47

antrum of the stomach

Question 48

define sensitivity

Answer 48

probability of a person with the disease testing positive OR true positive/ total number of people screened

Question 49

define specificity

Answer 49

probability of a person without the disease testing negative OR true negative/ total number of people screened