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mock questions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Na+/K+ - ATPase an example of?

A

Primary active transport

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2
Q

what does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart?

A

Undetermined gender

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3
Q

A reproductive union between 2 relatives is known as

A

consanguinity

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4
Q

what is the function of topoisomerase

A

Unwinds the DNA double by relieving the supercoil

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5
Q

what is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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6
Q

Enolase converts which substrate into phosphoenolpyruvate

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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7
Q

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

in the matrix of the mitochondrium

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8
Q

which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the krebs cycle?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

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9
Q

in which cell type are you most likely to find a perinuclear huff?

A

Plasma cell

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10
Q

what is the regulatory hormone for platelets

A

thrombopoietin

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11
Q

which of the following cell types has a reniform nucleus

A

monocyte

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12
Q

Which artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node

A

posterior interventricular artery

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13
Q

the maxillary artery arises from which of the aortic arches?

A

arch 1

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14
Q

is angiotension II a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor

A

vasoconstrictor

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15
Q

what does the T wave represent on an ECG

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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16
Q

what is contained within the dense granules of platelets?

A

ADP and thromboxane A2

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17
Q

what does the bulbus cordis develop into?

A

right ventricle

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18
Q

what is the function of the periciliary fluid?

A

it keeps the mucous at an optimum distance from the epithelia

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19
Q

At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate

A

T4

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20
Q

what is the definition of functional plasticity

A

the ability of cells to alter their function in order to accommodate for the current needs of a tissue

21
Q

what is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test

A

indirect measuring of airway inflammation

22
Q

where can you find central chemoreceptors

A

in the brainstem

23
Q

what percentage of the surface area of an alveoli does type 1 pneumocyte usually make up?

A

90%

24
Q

the diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve

A

phrenic nerve

25
Q

what cartilages are attached to the vocal cords?

A

arytenoid

26
Q

at which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie?

A

T8

27
Q

what is an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?

A

Peyer’s patches

28
Q

which salivary gland has a purely serous secretion

A

parotid glands

29
Q

which type of cell is the equivalent of a pace-maker cell in the intestines?

A

interstitial cells of Cajal

30
Q

what BMI range is considered to be overweight?

A

25>29.9

31
Q

what percentage of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine?

A

80%

32
Q

what type of research study is considered to be the ‘golden standard’

A

randomised control trial

33
Q

which is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion?

A

Cholecystokinin

34
Q

Hyponatraemia is a lack of which ion

A

Na+ ions

35
Q

what is the typical fluid volume distribution in the interstitial compartment and intracellular compartment in a 70kg male?

A
  • Intracellular =28L/66% (2 marks)
  • Interstitial = 11/26% (2 marks)
  • 70kg man has 42L of fluid, this is split into compartments
  • Intracellular = 28L
  • Extracellular = 14L > interstitial = 11L & blood/plasma = 3L
36
Q

what is a method of genetic testing in pregnancy

A

chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis

37
Q

between which chambers of the heart is the foramen ovale located

A

between the right and left atria

38
Q

define penetrance in genetics

A

proportion of people with a gene/genotype who show the expected phenotype

39
Q

where does haematopoiesis occur in an adult?

A

axial bone marrow

40
Q

where does haematopoiesis occur in a foetus

A

yolk sac, liver, spleen

41
Q

state the structural differences of foetal haemoglobin compared to adult haemoglobin

A 
Foetal = 2 alpha & 2 gamma chains 
Adult = 2 alpha & 2 beta
42
Q

name a method that can be used to measure total lung capacity

A

gas dilution or total body plethysmography

43
Q

state effects of ageing on lung function

A

delayed response to hypercapnia/hypoxia, decreased FEV/FVC, impaired gas exchange, decreased immune function, change in shape of thorax, stiffening of thoracic cartilage in ribs, decrease in respiratory muscle mass, loss of elastic recoil

44
Q

what type of prevention is smoking cessation with regards to lung cancer?

A

primary prevention

45
Q

function of parietal cells

A

secrete HCL, and intrinsic factor

46
Q

function of enteroendocrine cells (G cells)

A

release gastrin

47
Q

where in the stomach are you most likely to find enteroendocrine (G) cells?

A

antrum of the stomach

48
Q

define sensitivity

A

probability of a person with the disease testing positive OR true positive/ total number of people screened

49
Q

define specificity

A

probability of a person without the disease testing negative OR true negative/ total number of people screened

mocks (3 decks)

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