Mock Paper Questions I Got Wrong Flashcards
In research on perception, an ‘ambiguous figure’ is
a. one in which alternative visual hypotheses are tested against visual data
b. exemplified by the ‘White-van illusion’. (The one in which the van roofs are the same size on the retina.)
c. difficult to find
d. exemplified by ‘Rat-Man’
e. one in which cues are reduced so visual hypotheses are difficult to generate
one in which alternative visual hypotheses are tested against visual data
)
As its asking you for the definition yes Rat man but not exemplified by that
Which is generally false about retinal ganglion cells?
a. b. c. d.
e.
They respond only to chromatic contrast
They have approximately circular receptive fields
Their receptive fields have a centre-surround construction
The removal of light from an inhibitory region of their receptive field will cause their response to increase
They receive inputs from many receptors via interneurons
They respond only to chromatic contrast
Also to colour1
Vision is a difficult information processing task. For example,
a. the retinal image is inverted, yet we see the world the right way around
b. different regions of the brain are specialized for different aspects of the retinal image, yet we
see the world as a whole
c. in general, there is not a one-to-one correspondence between object size in the proximal
and distal stimuli
d. light receptors face the back of the retina, not the front
e. the eyes are at the front of the head, yet primary visual cortex is at the back of the head
In general there is not a one to one correspondence between object size in the proximal and distal stimuli
Retinotopy (retinotopic mapping) is preserved, and so two-dimensional shape is probably encoded by activity across the cortex in this region
The absence of a precise retinotopic map means that two-dimensional shape cannot be encoded in this region
It contains several layers of cells which makes it possible to encode the three- dimensional shape of objects in this region
Population coding probably takes place in this region, and this probably underlies psychophysical phenomena such as the tilt aftereffect
Population coding is thought to be unique to this region of visual cortex and probably forms the basis for our perception of the contrast and orientation of contours
Population coding probably takes place in this region, and this probably underlies psychophysical phenomena such as the tilt aftereffect
.
b. c.
d. e.
are found in the hemisphere contralateral to the eye of origin are found only in amblyopes
are absent in the LGN
will never respond if only one eye is stimulated receive input from only one eye
is true?
part of IT is thought to be specialized for knowing where objects are in the visual scene
part of MST is thought to be specialized for colour
part of V3 is thought to be specialized for complex patterns of motion, such as expansion
part of V4 is thought to be specialized for faces part of V5 is thought to be specialized for motion
E
V5 part of it= motion BC V5 IS MT
Real position cells
a. respond to stimuli placed at specific retinal coordinates
b. have receptive fields that move about the retina
c. respond to stimuli placed just below the fixation spot
d. respond to stimuli placed outside the visual field
e. respond only if the organism is gazing in a specific direction
have receptive fields that move about the retina
. The Laplacian operator
a. b. c.
d. e.
calculates the second derivative of the input at all orientations simultaneously
is a first-order differential operator
produces local maxima in its output that correspond with points of maximum gradient in its input
identifies luminance peaks in its input with zero-crossings in its output is an oriented (anisotropic) differential operator
A
Simple geometric figures (e.g. squares, crosses, circles…) can demonstrate amodal completion. Careful observations indicate that
a.
b. c.
the correct assignment of in front and behind can be achieved by analysing local junction gramma alone
relative surface distances can be judged quite reliably
for an overlapping square and circle, the perception of in front and behind flips back and forth like in an ambiguous figure
d. the perception of relative surface distances depends on the shapes of the figures involved
e. the correct assignment of in front and behind requires that global image properties are considered
E
Global image properties considered
- Consider the depth perception of someone brought up in the open country soon after he/she moves to the smoggy city.
a. Near objects will look closer than they really are because their atmospheric perception is calibrated to country conditions
b. Distant objects will look closer than they really are because their atmospheric perception is calibrated to country conditions
c. Distant objects will look further away than they really are because their atmospheric perception is calibrated to country conditions
d. Distant objects will look further away than they really are because their atmospheric perception is recalibrated to city conditions
e. Near objects look closer than they really are because their atmospheric perception is recalibrated to city conditions
C was right.
Makes no sense bc wording
Primary depth cue in the necker cube
Object gramma
binocular vision, the correspondence problem
a. b.
c. d. e.
is the problem of associating retinal points in one eye with corresponding retinal points in the other eye
is solved in general by wiring binocular cells with inputs from corresponding retinal points in the two eyes
arises due to the aperture problem
is investigated using sine-wave gratings with different orientations in the two eyes is the problem of associating image points in one eye with those in the other eye
is the problem of associating image points in one eye with those in the other eye
E problem of associating image points in one eye with those in other eye
Consider a fast-moving action movie at the cinema. Which of the following statement pairs is true?
a. The smooth motion you experience is a consequence of the continuous motion of images across the cinema screen. This is an example of real motion. b.
c.
d.
e.
The smooth motion you experience is processed by your short-range motion system. If a pair of movie frames was displayed for 200ms with 500ms between them, this would be an example of an apparent motion stimulus
The smooth motion you experience is processed by your long-range motion system. If a pair of movie frames was displayed for 500ms with 200ms between them, this would be an example of an apparent motion stimulus
The smooth motion you experience is processed by your long-range motion system. If a pair of movie frames was displayed for 200ms with 0ms between them, this would be an example of a real motion stimulus
The smooth motion you experience owes to the frame rate of the movie which smooths the images in the temporal domain. Following this transformation, the movie becomes an apparent motion stimulus for the rest of the visual system.
B- the smooth motion you experience is processed by you short range motion system. If a pair of movie frames was displayed for 200mm with 500ms between them this would be an example of apparent motion stimulus
Let’s analyze each option:
a. This option suggests that the smooth motion experienced in the cinema is due to the continuous motion of images across the screen, which is considered real motion. This is incorrect because the smooth motion experienced in a movie theater is typically due to the perception of successive still frames as continuous motion, rather than the actual continuous motion of images across the screen.
b. This option correctly identifies that the smooth motion experienced is processed by the short-range motion system. It also correctly describes an example of an apparent motion stimulus, where a pair of frames is displayed with a short interval between them. This option is correct because it accurately describes the processing involved in perceiving motion in a movie.
c. This option suggests that the smooth motion experienced is processed by the long-range motion system and provides an example of an apparent motion stimulus with specific timing between frames. This is incorrect because the smooth motion experienced in a movie theater is typically processed by the short-range motion system due to the rapid succession of frames.
d. This option attributes the smooth motion to the frame rate of the movie, which transforms it into an apparent motion stimulus for the visual system. While the frame rate does play a role in the perception of motion in movies, this option does not fully capture the processing involved in perceiving motion in a cinema setting.
In summary, option b is correct because it accurately describes the processing involved in perceiving motion in a movie, including the involvement of the short-range motion system and the example of an apparent motion stimulus. Options a, c, and d either misrepresent the processing involved or provide inaccurate examples.
. In object recognition which of the following is true?
a. b. c. d.
2D image-based approaches do not require a 3D representation of the image Geons are theoretical building blocks of objects that are viewpoint specific
Structural theories of object recognition are viewpoint dependent
2D image-based approaches start with a 3D visual representation of an object and convert it back to a flat representation consistent with the retinal image
e. Modern deep neural nets use a 3d approach
A-
2d image based approaches do not require a 3d representation of the image.
