mock geography Flashcards
what is the problem with congested transport networks
- congested transport networks can slow down economic development
how are airports being improved in uk
- plans currently considered for expansion at heathrow or gatwick
- new runway at heathrow-£18.6 billion-allow an extra 700 planes, expected to bring more jobs and money to uk and it supports local businesses and 76000 people work at heathrow.
- however it would increase noise and air pollution, increase greenhouse gas emissions
how are ports being improved in uk
- new container terminal has been constructed in Liverpool. the building cost £400 million.the project has doubled the ports capacity to 1.5 million containers each year. creates over 5000 jobs so boosting economy of northwest and reduces traffic on roads
how are railways being improved in uk
- HS 2,£88 billion plan to create a high speed railway between London and Birmingham.
- cross rail across London will link places and will increase central London rail capacity by 10%.cost $16.8 billion.improve journey times and bring 1.5 million people within 45 minutes of central London
how are roads being improved in uk
- government announced 4 scheme to improve congestion totaling £160 million
- making improvements to A303 by £2 billion road widening scheme,improvement to connecting routes
- extra lanes added to motorways,improving links to London,north and Birmingham
explain TNCs
- trans national corporations
- large company that operates in several countries
- they locate in NEES to take advantages of tax incentives,cheaper labour,less strict environment law etc.
explain unilever as an example of a TNC
- make soap using Nigerian grown palm oil,employing 1500 people.all palm oil comes from sustainable sources. they work with local people from markets to make sure that standards of employment are high-company has also promoted improvements in healthcare,education as part of social responsibility scheme in nigeria
what are the advantages of TNCs
-bring in new investment to countries economy
- provide jobs,often at higher wages level than average jobs
- provide new technology that helps economic development
what are the disadvantages of TNCs
- take profits back to HIC
- can cause environmental damage and deplete natural resources
- exploit workers and pay them low wages
what are the beneifts of shell (a TNC in NIgeria) in nigeria
- provide direct employment for 6500 Nigerians and 250,000 jobs in related industries
- 96% of shell contracts went to Nigerian companies
- $1.4 billion of tax from shell invested in schools and hospitals
what are the problems of shell (a TNC in nigeria) in nigeria
- frequent oil flares pollite air (7000 spills in 5 years,take 30 years to clear land)
- 4% of employees are overseas, usually highest earners
- oil theft costing shell and government billions of $ each year
what is the problem with devoelopment in nigeria
- development is uneven in nigeria which is the main reason for aid
- despite having the largest economy in africa, 1/3 live below poverty line
- urban areas have better facilties and more money,60% of children in urban areas go to school compared to 36% , life expectancy low, birth and death rates high
what is the issues with giving aid to nigeria
- corruption in the government and individuals means aid is lost or not given to the right people
- claims aid money has been used to supply navy
- aid donors may have political influence over who benfits and who doesnt, may use it to promote themselves
how does nigeria benefit from aid
- nets for life project provides education on malaria and gives mosquito nets to households to prevent the spread of disease
- world bank funded loans to businesses to help diversify economy away from being dependant on oil
- uk government funded health and hiv programme providing health and education in rural areas, help to protect people, improve their own lives in the future
what is multilateral aid
- aid given through international organisation such as world bank rather than 1 specific country
what is bilateral aid
- aid flows directly from one country to another
what is short term/emergency aid
addressing immediate needs after crisis
what is long term/developmental aid
provides local communities by supporting healthcare,education etc. develomnet over a long period of time
what is charitable aid
funded by donations form public though organisations such as oxfam
what is ecotourism
tourism directed towards exotic natural environemnts intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife
explain tourism in jamacia
- tourism contributed to 34% of Jamaica GDP
- it is an important method of reducing the development gap, the total income each year from tourism is $2 billion
- a good proportion comes from the annual 1.9 million cruise passengers who visit
- tourism has helped employment as provided 200,000 jobs directly or indirectly, so helps boost economy
what is the problem with tourism in Jamaica
- increased in tourism can lead to a more unequal society and bigger disparities between rich and poor
1. more tourists go to the richer areas so richer people benefit from increase in tourism, poor become poorer as less jobs therefore wealth divide become bigger - wealthy live in high quality housing,poor live with limited food,water and education
what are the advantages of tourism in Jamaica
- income from tourism $2 billion.taxes paid to government contribute to devlopment of country
- new cruis lines and ports built
- provide 200,000 jobs in tourist industry
- eco tourism and community expanding in more isolated areas,running small scale guest houses or acting as guides
what are the disadvantages of tourism in Jamaica
- tourism caused environmental problems eg,excessive waste and harmful emissions
- roads and airports slower to develop so some parts of island isolated
- large numbers of people live in poor housing etc. as tourists visit wealthier areas
