Mock exam Flashcards
Describe dysplasia?
The Presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue.
In the stages of carcinogenesis “progression” relates to what?
The event that results in malignant cell proliferation.
The cut surface of a benign tumour will exhibit what appearance?
Homogenous
Hypercalcemia (a raised blood calcium level) in a person with a malignancy, when caused by the presence of the tumour within the body, is a form of what condition?
Paraneoplastic syndrome
A malignant tumour that is “moderately differentiated” means that the cells of the tumour have what characteristics?
The cells have a close but not identical appearance to those from which they originated.
Polycythaemia is a term used to describe what alteration in an individual’s physiology?
An increase in the number of red blood cells within the blood.
Right ventricular heart failure secondary to lung disease is given what name?
Cor pulmonale
What is a test that can be used to screen patients for the presence of heart failure?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
What type of anaemia is associated with a reduced mean corpuscular volume?
Thalassemia
What is an important cause of iron deficiency anaemia to be excluded when this condition is detected in males?
Bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract
A vegan diet can result in a deficiency of which one of the following substances?
.
People who are from a Mediterranean heritage are at increased risk of which one of the following types of anaemia?
.
Alcohol excess can have which one of the following effects on bone marrow?
.
A drug which activates a receptor when it binds with it is given which one of the following names in pharmacology?
.
A test which provides a positive test result when no disease is present is termed which one of the following?
.
A widened pulse pressure most likely indicates which one of the following conditions may have developed in a person?
.
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid is a combination of medications sold under the brand name of Co-Amoxiclav. If Amoxicillin is the antibiotic which one of the following describes the function of the clavulanic acid ?
.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have which one of the following effects on a person who develops shock?
.
CD8 cytotoxic T cells instruct cells which are infected with a virus to undertake which one of the following?
.
Collagenase provides which one of the following survival advantages to a bacterial cell?
.