Mock exam Flashcards
Describe dysplasia?
The Presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue.
In the stages of carcinogenesis “progression” relates to what?
The event that results in malignant cell proliferation.
The cut surface of a benign tumour will exhibit what appearance?
Homogenous
Hypercalcemia (a raised blood calcium level) in a person with a malignancy, when caused by the presence of the tumour within the body, is a form of what condition?
Paraneoplastic syndrome
A malignant tumour that is “moderately differentiated” means that the cells of the tumour have what characteristics?
The cells have a close but not identical appearance to those from which they originated.
Polycythaemia is a term used to describe what alteration in an individual’s physiology?
An increase in the number of red blood cells within the blood.
Right ventricular heart failure secondary to lung disease is given what name?
Cor pulmonale
What is a test that can be used to screen patients for the presence of heart failure?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
What type of anaemia is associated with a reduced mean corpuscular volume?
Thalassemia
What is an important cause of iron deficiency anaemia to be excluded when this condition is detected in males?
Bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract
A vegan diet can result in a deficiency of which one of the following substances?
.
People who are from a Mediterranean heritage are at increased risk of which one of the following types of anaemia?
.
Alcohol excess can have which one of the following effects on bone marrow?
.
A drug which activates a receptor when it binds with it is given which one of the following names in pharmacology?
.
A test which provides a positive test result when no disease is present is termed which one of the following?
.
A widened pulse pressure most likely indicates which one of the following conditions may have developed in a person?
.
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid is a combination of medications sold under the brand name of Co-Amoxiclav. If Amoxicillin is the antibiotic which one of the following describes the function of the clavulanic acid ?
.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have which one of the following effects on a person who develops shock?
.
CD8 cytotoxic T cells instruct cells which are infected with a virus to undertake which one of the following?
.
Collagenase provides which one of the following survival advantages to a bacterial cell?
.
Epididymitis as a complication of a sexually transmitted infection is most likely to be caused by which one of the following organisms?
.
First pass metabolism principally takes place within which one of the following organs?
.
In patients with a life-threatening infection caused by an unknown bacteria which one of the following types off antibiotic would be the most appropriate to treat this infection?
.
In the context of a coup - contracoup brain injuries the contra-coup component relates to which one of the following situations within the skull?
.
Intramuscular adrenaline, intravenous hydrocortisone and chlorphenamine are treatments used in which one of the following conditions?
.
Loss of visual field in one side of the body is referred to by which one of the following medical terms?
.
Fluroquinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin exercise their therapeutic effects at which one of the following locations, with a bacterial cell?
.
Mannitol is used in the prevention / management of which one of the following conditions associated with head injury?
.
Membrane attack complex is comprised from which one of the following?
.
Soft diets are recommended for a person who has dysphagia is intended to achieve which one of the following outcomes?
.
Swelling of tissue occur in which one of the following processes?
.
Tension pneumothorax is associated with which one of the following types of shock?
.
The capsid of a virus contains which one of the following which is essential to the onward transmission of a virus?
.
The glands (head) of the penis is formed from which one of the following structures?
.
The method through which a drug is excreted from the body is part of which one of the following properties of a drug?
.
The role of ‘sex pili’ on a bacterial cell wall fulfils which one of the following functions?
.
The ‘major histocompatibility complex class 2’ (MHC 2) has which one of the following roles within the immune system?
.
Thrombolytic therapy such as alteplase (rT-PA) can be an effective treatment for which one of the following types of stroke?
.
Type 1 respiratory failure is caused by which one of the following?
.
Which of the following phrases best describes the ‘aetiology’ in relation to disease?
.
Which one of the following bacterial cell types lacks a cell wall?
.
Which one of the following cells will develop into a plasma cell?
.
Which one of the following classes of immunoglobulin is most effective and specific in responding to a bacterial infection?
.
Which one of the following is common to all forms / causes of shock?
.
Which one of the following organisms is least likely to cause symptoms soon after infection of the genital tract?
.
With regard to menstruation which one of the following hormones promotes the development of the endometrium?
.
With regard to mycobacterial bacterial cells like tuberculosis which one of the following best describes its anatomy?
.
You are assessing a person who has presented to you with the new onset of fever and rash. They have no respiratory or genital symptoms. They tell you that they have recently returned from a holiday abroad where they had a number of new sexual partners, during the sex they had what would be classified as high risk activities, they tell you that they did not use a condom. Which one of the following conditions do you need to consider in this individual?
.
You are supporting a 67-year-old who is receiving chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. The patient was admitted late last night with uncontrolled vomiting, dehydration and a fever. Her blood results showed a low white blood cell count. She has received 3 litres of intravenous fluids overnight and effective antiemetics. The respiratory rate is 24, oxygen saturation 94% on 2 lpm of oxygen via a nasal cannula. Her heart rate is 94 and her blood pressure is 96/46mmHg. You record the temperature to be 37.9oC and the person had 1 gram of intravenous paracetamol an hour ago. Which one of the following conditions is this person most at risk of?
.
‘Mortality’ is term used to describe which one of the following clinical situations?
.
