Mock Case Pres Flashcards
What is Propanolol?
- beta blocker
- used as a anti-depressant for patient
- slows down heart rate and makes it easier for heart to pump blood around body
- block the release of stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline in certain parts of body
Side effects of Propanolol
- cold hands
- predisposition to asthma attacks
- may ask the pt/ consult GP about why pt is having beta blockers as pt is asthmatic
What is Setraline?
- a type of antidepressant
- a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
How does Setraline work?
- works by increasing the levels of mood- enhancing chemical called serotonin in brain
How does SSRI work?
- increases serotonin levels in brain
- good influence on mood, emotion and sleep
- works by blocking reuptake, more serotonin is available to pass further messages between nerve cells
Asthma with Dentistry?
What is Salbutamol?
- fast- acting bronchodilator
- short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist
- relaxes muscles in lungs and widening airways
- relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- usually blue inhaler
Salbutamol side effects in dentistry
- decrease in salivary flow rate
- hence, lead to reduction in protection of oral cavity by saliva due to reduced levels of defense components
- increase in caries and perio problems
What to advice patients with salbutamol inhaler
- rinse mouth after using inhalers
- chew sugarless gum after drug administration to help neutralise the salivary pH and stimulate salivary flow
- could use a spacer device to minimise contact of drug and oropharynx
What is Flixotide inhaler?
- known as inhaled fluticasone
- corticosteroids
- know whether pt is on blue steroid treatment card
- steroid inhaler
- asthma preventer containing fluticasone propionate
- reduce inflammation of lungs and prevent asthma attacks
Side effects of Flixotide
- oral thrush
- oropharyngeal candidiasis
- sore throat
- Cushings syndrome
- affect adrenal insufficiency
Side effects of inhalation therapy on oral health
- xerostomia
- dental caries
- candidiasis
- ulceration
- gingivitis
- periodontitis
- taste change
Low pH is a risk factor for demineralization of tooth
How is caries form?
- saliva is supersaturated with calcium and phosphate ions, capable of remineralising early stages of caries, particularly when fluoride is present
- fluoride slows down progression of caries
- when salivary flow is absent, it increases food retention
- buffering capacity is lost, hence acidic environment is encourage and persists longer
- hence this encourage acidic bacteria relish acid conditions and continue to to metabolise carb in low pH
- dental caries is due to imbalance of saliva, plaque, tooth, microflora and dietary substrate over a certain period of time
Palliative care for Xerostomia
- more frequent sips of water
- intake of moist sugar- free diet
- avoid strong flavouring and alcohol
- use salivary stimulants/ salivary substitute
- lemon drops to activate salivary glands
- frequent meals to increase salivary flow
- tooth mousse for remineralising tooth
- Pilocarpine as drugs fro stimulating saliva
- salivary substitutes, ie: lonzenges, sprays, mouth rinses
How to treat candidiasis?
- treat with topical anti-fungal agents
- Nystatin ointment
Adrenal insufficiency with Dentistry?
SOCRATES
site- where is the pain
onset- how long have you had this for? how did it happen?
character- how would you describe it? sharp or dull pain? sensitive to hot/ cold?
radiation- does the pain spread anywhere else?
associating factors- are there any other symptoms?
time- has the pain change over time?
exacerbating factors/ relieving - taken any painkillers? anything worsen/ relief pain?
scale - 0-10
What is bimaxillary osteotomy?
- double jaw surgery, carried out inside mouth
- used to correct maxillofacial deformities that affect both jaws
- aims to realign both jaws for better alignment of teeth
- class 3 or openbite patients or class 2
Muscles of Mastication
- masseter
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
Lymph nodes of the head
What causes linea alba?
- chronic friction between teeth and lining of cheek
- may develop other symptoms, ie: pain/ numbness which will then need further examination
- sometimes confused with leukoplakia, which is early detection of oral cancer
Perio classification
Why is it better to eat sugar during meal times?
- when sugar is consumed, it reacts with bacteria in plaque and forms acid that destroy teeth and weakens enamel
- have with savoury snacks, alkaline
- flow of saliva slows down during the night and leaves mouth more at risk from decay
- limits the amount of time your mouth is at risk
Perio staging and grading
