Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mobility and immobility > mobility and immobility > Flashcards

mobility and immobility Flashcards

1
Q

mobility
a persons ability to move freely

A

• nonverbal gestures
• self- defense
• ADLs
• recreational
• satisfaction og basic needs
• expression of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors affecting mobility and activity

A

• developmental
• nutrition
• lifestyle
• stress
• environment
• diseases and abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diseases and abnormalities

A

• bones, muscles and nervous system
• pain
• trauma
• respiratory system
• circulatory
• psychological/social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immobility
a person inability to move about freely

A

• may invoke a specific part of the body due to injury
•may involve lower part of body( paraplegia)
• may involve one side of body (hemiplegia)
•may involve entire body from the neck down (quadriplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bedrest
restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons (6)

A

• sometimes prescribed for selected patients
• reduces physical activity and O2 demand of the body.
• reduces pain
• allow ill or debilitated patients to rest
• allows exhausted patients to rest
• duration depends on illness or injury and prior state of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

physical causes of immobility (6)

A

• bone fracture
• surgical procedure
• major sprain or strain
• illness/disease
• cancer
• aging process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

psychological causes of immobility

A

• stress/depression
• decreased motivation
• hospitalization
• long term care facility residents
• voluntary sedentary lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prolonged immobility

A

• reduced functional capacity
• altered metabolism
• numerous physiological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

effects of immobility

A

• musculoskeletal
• lungs
• heart and vessels
• metabolism
• integument
• gastrointestinal
• genitourinary
• psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

musculoskeletal assessment

A

•activity intolerance
• anthropometric measurements
• nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bone resorption

A

osteoclasts- move along surface of bone, dissolving grooves into bone with acid and enzymes. dissolved material, including calcium, is passed through osteoclasts and into bloodstream for reuse by the body
• osteoblasts- occurs when bone is injured, added bone strength is required and calcium is elevated in the bloodstream. deposits calcium into the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

osteoporosis
risk factors

A

• sec (female more affected than males, especially after menopause)
• insufficient exercise or too much exercise
• poor diet (low in Ca and protein)
• smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ROM
maximum amount of movement available at a joint

A

•joints not moved are at risk for contractures (can begin forming within 8 hours)
• range of motion exercises improves joint mobility
• ROM exercises is the easiest intervention to maintain or improve joint mobility
• ROM exercise can be coordinated with other activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ROM exercise

A

•active ROM
- done by patient
• active assist ROM
-done by patient but with help
• passive ROM
- done by nurse or other caregiver
-continuous passive motion (CPM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ROM

A

• three times a day
-after bath
-mild day
-bedtime
• start gradually and move slowly using smooth motions
•support the extremity
• stretch the muscles only to the point of resistance/ pain
• encourage active ROM if possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

respiratory assessment

A

• lung sounds
• O2 sats
• respiratory rate
•activity tolerance (SOB)
• chest X-ray
• arterial blood gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cardiac assessment

A

• blood pressure
•pulse rate
• heart sounds
• activity tolerance (BP, HR, chest pain)
• calf pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

• decreased muscle activity
• pooling of blood
• clot formation
• DVTs
-ambulation
-TED hose
-SCDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TED hose

A

• thrombo-embolic deterrent hose
• post surgical
• nun-walking patient

20
Q

sequential compression devices (SCDs)

A

• sleeves around the legs
• alternately inflate and deflate
• post surgical/ circulatory disorders

21
Q

metabolism assessment

A

• decreased appetite
• weight loss
• muscle loss
• weakness
• labs

22
Q

integument assessment

A

• skin assessment
-color changes
-integrity
• nutrients
• incontinence

23
Q

pressure injury
impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia ( decreased blood supply) in tissues

A

•develops when pressure on the skin is greater than the pressure inside the small peripheral blood vessels supplying blood to the skin

24
Q

gastrointestinal assessment

A

• bowel sounds
• abdominal palpitations
• bowel habits (last bowel movement)
• I & O

25
Q

genitourinary assessment

A

• I & O
• palpate abdomen
• incontinence
•urine (color, smell, clarity)

26
Q

urinary stasis

A

when the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters because peristaltic contractions of the ureters are insufficient to overcome gravity

27
Q

urinary elimination changes

A

• immobility (decreased activity)
• decreased fluid intake
• dehydration
• concentrated urine
• increase risk for UTI and kidney stones

28
Q

psychological assessment

A

• mood
• orientation
• speech
• affect
• sleep

29
Q

psychological effects

A

• social isolation
• loneliness
• decreased coping
• depression
• anxiety
• withdrawal
• delerium

30
Q

benefits of mobility

A

• strengthen muscles
• joint flexibility
• stimulates circulation
• prevents constipation
• prevents osteoporosis
• stimulates the appetite
• prevents urinary inconveniences and infection
• relieves pressure-esteem
• improves self esteem
• decrease anxiety and depression

31
Q

wheel fail outside of room

A

• mobility level 1 dependent
• mobility level 2 moderate assistance
• mobility level 3 minimum assistance
• mobility level 4 modified independent

32
Q

restraints

A

• any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arms, legs, body, or head freely

33
Q

non- violent restraints

A

• actions impede medical care
• lack of awareness of potential harm to self and other
• unable to follow commands and comply with safety instructions
• attempts to pull out tubes, drains or other lines/ devices medically necessary for treatment
• requires every 2 hours monitoring and documentation
• new order required every calendar day
• when discontinuing, date & time must be documented

34
Q

restraint types

A

• extremity
• mitten
• posey
• belt

35
Q

alternative measures

A

• orient family and patient to environment
• offer diversionary activities
• use calm simple statements
• promote relaxation techniques
• attend to needs
• use of glasses/ hearing aids

36
Q

alternative measure
examples

A

• increase or decrease the light
• place personal items within reach
• place near nurse station
• reduce environmental noise
• keep call button accessible
• use special furniture accordingly (bed alarm)

37
Q

alternative measures con’d

A

• camouflage
• encourage
• orient
• involve
• give

38
Q

restraint guidelines

A

• practitioner must order prior to applying
• in emergencies- may apply but practitioner must be notified immediately
• a new order must be obtained daily
• must be discontinued at the earliest possible time
• monitoring varies depending on patient needs and situational factors (could be continuous, every 15 mins or every 2-3 hours)
• assessment includes vital signs, hydration and circulation, skin integrity and patients level of distress)

39
Q

risks of using restraints

A

• increase in injury or death
• loss of self- esteem
• humiliation
• fear
• anger
• increase confusion and agitation
MAKE SURE ALL OTHER MEASURES HAVE BEEN TAKEN TI AVOID RESTRAINTS

40
Q

complications of restraints

A

• impaired skin integrity
• lower extremity edema
• altered nutrition
• physical exhaustion
• social isolation
• immobility communication
•death

41
Q

intervention applications

A

• restrict movement as little as is necessary
• make sure restraint fits properly
• always tie (slip knot or new tie) to bed frame/ mattress spring
• always explains the need for restraint
• never leave patient unattended without the restraint
• pas bony prominences
• DOCUMENT!

42
Q

assessment

A

• regularly assess the need for continued use of restraints
• inspect placement area of restraint
• assess patient behavior
• assess circulation, motion, sensation
• make sure restraint fits properly
• vital signs
DOCUMENT ASSESSMENT

43
Q

assessment con’d

A

• inspect skin color and edema
• palpate for skin temp
• palpate pulse
• check capillary refill
• mental status
• if they are able to respond- ask them to move the limb
• if they are able to respond - ask if they have tingling

44
Q

interventions

A

• ROM
• reposition
• nutrition/ hydration/ toileting
• release at the earliest possible time

45
Q

documentation

A

• any medical evaluation for restraint
•description of the patient behavior and the intervention used
• any alternatives or other less restrictive intervention attempted
• patients condition or symptom that warranted the use of restraints
• patient response to the intervention used and rationale for continued use of the intervention
• individual patient assessment and reassessment
• the intervals for monitoring
• revisions to the plan of care

46
Q

documentation con’d

A

• patient behavior and staff concerns regarding safety risk to the patient, staff and others that necessitated the use of restraints
• injuries to the patient
• death associated with the use of restraint
• the identity of the practitioner who ordered the restraint
• orders for restraint
• notification of the use of restraint to the attending physician
• consultation
• patient/ family teaching
• response when restraint removed

mobility and immobility (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions