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Mobility > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

0
Q

What does the muscular skeletal system consist of?

A
  • bones
  • muscles
  • tendons
  • cartilage
  • ligaments
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1
Q

what is muscular system

A
  • it is the frame work of your body

- allows the body to move

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2
Q

How many bones?

A

206

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3
Q

4 types of bones are?

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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4
Q

what are short bones? and example

A

allow ease of movement, fingers, toes, ankles, wrists

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5
Q

what are long bones? and example

A

take the weight, femur

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6
Q

what are flat bones? and example

A

to protect organs, ribs, skull, pelvis

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7
Q

what are irregular bones? and example.

A

allow movement and flexibility, can bear some weight, vertebrate.

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8
Q

Inside the bone is mostly hollow, what is inside, for what?

A

Bone marrow, this is where blood cells are made.

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9
Q

Joint is:

A

point where 2 or more bones meet

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10
Q

3 types of joints are?

A

hinge, pivot, ball and socket

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11
Q

what is hinge joint? and example

A

has movement in o in direction, knees, elbows

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12
Q

pivot joint is?

A

allows side to side direction, neck and spine

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13
Q

what is ball and socket, and example

A

roun d on one end and hollow end of the other, hip, shoulder

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14
Q

Cartilage is?

A

connective tissues that cushions the joint so that the bones don’t rub together

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15
Q

what is Synovial membrane and secretions?

A

lines the joint and secrets the synovial fluid, provides ease of movement

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16
Q

what is ligament:

A

strong band of connective tissue that hold the joints together

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17
Q

how many muscles in the body?

A

more than 500

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18
Q

3 kinds of muscles are?

A

voluntary, involuntary, cardiac

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19
Q

what is voluntary muscles?

A

you control these muscles, arm, leg

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20
Q

what is involuntary muscles?

A

work automatically, organs

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21
Q

what are cardiac muscles?

A

can only be found in the heart

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22
Q

what are 3 functions muscles provide?

A
  1. move your body
  2. provide support and posture
  3. provides body heat
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23
Q

Nervous system consists of?

A
  1. central nervous system - CNS

2. peripheral nervous system - PNS

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24
Q

CNS - consists of?

A

cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem, mid brain and pons, spinal cord

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25
Q

Cerebrum is?

A

the centre of the brain used for thought and intelligence

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26
Q

2 halves of the brain are?

A

left and right hemisphere

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27
Q

outside the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex controls the highest functions of the brain:

A

reasoning, memory, speech, vision, hearing, sensation, voluntary muscles.

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28
Q

Cerebellum is:

A

co-ordinates and regulates body movements, balance

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29
Q

Brain stem is responsible for?

A

basis vital life function

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30
Q

what does the brain stem consists of?

A

contains mid brain, pons, medulla

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31
Q

mid brain and pons do?

A

relay messages between the medulla and cerebrum

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32
Q

medulla controls ?

A

heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing and vomiting

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33
Q

spinal cord is how long

A

approx. 45 cm

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34
Q

The spinal cord functions are:

A

contains pathways that conducts messages to and from the brain

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35
Q

Meninges is?

A

connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal fluid

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36
Q

Dura matter is:

A

tough outer layer next to the skull

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37
Q

Pia matter is?

A

middle layer, protects cerebrospinal fluid

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38
Q

Arachnoid is

A

inner layer that protects and cushions from shock

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39
Q

Neuron is?

A

transmits information

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40
Q

3 parts of a neuron is:

A
  1. dendrites receives the info
  2. nucleus is the cell brain that keeps the cell alive
  3. axon carries info away from the cell
41
Q

PNS is?

A

Peripheral Nervous system

42
Q

What parts does the Peripheral Nervous system have

A

12 parts of cranial nervous

31 parts of spinal cords

43
Q

Cranial nerves are:

A

conduct impulses between the brain, neck, and chest, smell, sight, hearing, pain, touch and temp

44
Q

Spinal nervous carry?

A

carry impulses from the skin

45
Q

Autonomic nervous system has 2 parts:

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

46
Q

Sympathetic is:

A

Flight or fight

47
Q

Parasympathetic is:

A

rest and recovery

48
Q

Sympathetic signs are:

A

heart races, pupils dilate, increase blood pressure, muscle tension, shaken, sweaty palms, adrenalin, emotional, hair stand up

49
Q

Parasympathetic signs are:

A

calm breathing, low blood pressure, reg pulse, pupils contract.

50
Q

Sight has 3 parts:

A

Sclera - white part of the eye, made of tough connective tissues, including the cornea
Chorpid- blood vessels, ciliary muscles, iris(colour) contain pupil
Retina - inner layer of vision receptors flow between cornea and lens

51
Q

Sight is protected by:

A

eye, tears, eye lashes, eyelids, blinking, bones and skull

52
Q

Hearing has 3 parts:

A
  • external part - pinna, sound waves are guided by the outer ear and into the auditory canal 2.5 cm
  • middle ear - small space that contains Eustachian tubes (connects middle ear and throat)
  • inner ear - canals that are semi-circular called cochlea - contains fluid
53
Q

Inner ear - canals have?

A

fluid, carries sound waves, and regulates balance, senses position of the head

54
Q

Taste have 4 receptors:

A
  1. bitter - back
  2. sweet - front
  3. salty - front side
  4. sour - back side
55
Q

Smell receptors are located:

A

on the roof of the nasal cavity olfactory receptors, close to taste

56
Q

touch receptors are found:

A

in the dermis of the skin

57
Q

Posture / body alignment is:

A

the way in which body parts are positioned in relation to the other

58
Q

Base support:

A

an area on which an object rests an adequate base support will prevent an object from tipping. Feet should be about 30 cm apart

59
Q

Body mechanics -

A

the movement of the body. Proper body mechanics ensures the body moves in an efficient and care full way

60
Q

Gait -

A

how someone moves to walk or moves around

61
Q

Transfer -

A

move a person from one point to another, someone can bear some of the weight, using the clients assistance

62
Q

Lift -

A

move the client from one place to another without assistance from the client. person can not bear any weight.

63
Q

Mechanical lift -

A

a device that can elevate and move the person while in a special body sling. This device reduces the risk of injury to the support worker.

64
Q

friction -

A

resistance skin encounters when it rubs against another surface like bedding, and skin on skin

65
Q

Shearing -

A

tearing skin tissue caused when the skin sticks to a surface (usually the bed or chair) and deeper tissue move downward, exerting pressure of the skin.

66
Q

Log rolling -

A

turing the person as a unit, in alignment with one motion. The clients knee may be bent if necessary, but the clients neck and spine should be turned in one step and never twisted.

67
Q

Good body mechanics involves:

A

good posture and balance

68
Q

how to have good body mechanics -

A
  • use the strongest largest muscles
  • reduces injury, fatigue, muscles pain
  • make sure client position properly and check body alignment
  • can cause muscle atrophy and contractures
69
Q

Good posture when transferring includes:

A
  • keep back straight
  • use large muscles -don’t reach for heavy objects
  • keep head up -raise bed and put rail down
  • knee a wide base - hold objects close to your body
  • face work area -bend knees
70
Q

Moving positioning clients encludes:

A
  • following policy - break into small steps
  • check care plan - remember privacy
  • assess safety, your and the clients - close door or window
  • find help is necessary - watch catheters, IV tubing
  • communicate to the helper - insure bed is wrinkle free
71
Q

Rules of lifting or transferring a heavy object:

A
  • wide base of support - face client area
  • keep objects close - avoid bending or reaching
  • use large muscles
  • push or pull, rather then lift
  • get help
72
Q

Fowlers is:

A

a semi upright sitting position in bed

73
Q

Low fowlers:

A

HOB 15 - 30*

74
Q

Semi Fowlers:

A

HOB 30 - 45* - put foot of bed up to sit

75
Q

High fowlers:

A

HOB 45 - 90* put foot of bed up to prevent sliding

76
Q

Supine:

A

back laying, flat in bed

77
Q

Lateral position:

A

side laying, bend upper knee for comfort, pillow between knees

78
Q

Sims positioning -

A

left side laying right leg sharply flexed laying on left leg and partly on abdomen

79
Q

Prone position -

A

laying on abdomen with head turned to one side

80
Q

Sitting in a wheel chaired or chair should look like:

A

butt and back should be against the back of the chair, back straight, feet should be flat

81
Q

Repositioning in wheel chair includes:

A

lock breaks, use transfer belt if they have one (waist band works well) , in front of the client using proper body mechanics, lift bottom up and back,

82
Q

Complication of improper lifting is:

A

can fall, pressure sores, hard to breath, improper circulation

83
Q

Position devices:

A

foot boards, cradle, trochanter roll, handgrips, splint

84
Q

Ambulation is:

A

walking, start with short distances, ensure path is clear, proper foot wear, check care plan, use proper walking aids

85
Q

Walking aids:

A
  • crutches when one or both legs are weak
  • ensure size is correct
  • ensure they are in good repair
  • ensure bolts are tight
86
Q

Cane is provided when:

A
  • support for the weaker leg
  • strong side is the cane that supports the weak side
  • walk close to the walker
87
Q

braces can be:

A
  • be leather, plastic, metal, worn to align a weak body part
  • Monitor for edema, circulation, skin breakdown
  • report and discomfort and redness to the nurse
88
Q

Abduction is:

A

to move away from midline of the body

89
Q

Adduction is:

A

moving a body part toward the midline if the body

90
Q

Extension is:

A

straightening a body part

91
Q

flexion is:

A

bending a body part

92
Q

Hyperextension is:

A

excessive straightening of a body part

93
Q

Dorsiflexion is:

A

bending toes and foot up at the ankle

94
Q

Rotation is:

A

turning the joint

95
Q

Internal rotation is

A

turing the joint inward

96
Q

external rotation is

A

turning the joint outward

97
Q

planter flexion is:

A

bending the foot down at the ankle

98
Q

Pronation is:

A

turning downward

99
Q

supination is

A

turning upward

Mobility (1 decks)

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