Mobility Flashcards
All bones are hard rigid structures, what are they made of?
Living cells
How many types of bones are there?
4 types:
1) long bones- take the weight. ie. femur 2) short bones- allow ease of movement. ie. fingers,toes… 3) flat bones- protect organs. ie. ribs, skull, pelvis 4) irregular bones- allow movement, flexibility, can bear some weight. ie. vertebrae
Where are your blood cells made?
Inside the bone, were its mostly hollow (bone marrow)
There are 3 types of joints, what are they?
1) hinge joint- movement in one direction. ie. elbow, knee. 2) pivot joint- allows side to side movement- were the skull connects to the spine. ie. neck 3) ball & socket joint- round on one end of the other. ie. hip, shoulder
What is Cartilage?
Connective tissue that cushions the joint so the bones don’t rub together.
Synovial membrane & secretions what?
Lines the joints and secretes the synovial fluid, this provides ease of movement.
What holds a joint together?
Strong band of connective tissue that holds the joints together, called a ligament.
How many muscles are there in a human body?
There are more than 500
Name the 3 kinds of muscles.
1) Voluntary- you are controlling these. ie. arms, legs 2) Involuntary- work automatically. organ muscles
3) Cardiac- can only be found in the heart
What are the 3 important functions muscles provide?
1) move your body
2) provide support/ posture
3) provides body heat
This consists the brain & spinal cord, there are two divisions.
Nervous system.
1) central nervous system- CNS
2) peripheral nervous system- PNS
There are two halves of the brain, what side controls which side?
Rt side is responsible for the Lt side movement
Lt side is responsible for the Rt movement
Outside of cerebrum (outer layer), is what, which controls what high functions of the brain?
The cerebral cortex.
- reasoning - vision
- memory - hearing
- speech - sensation
- voluntary muscles
What does the Cerebellum do?
Co- ordinates & regulates body movement, balance. If injured it can result in jerky movement and loss of co- ordination.
The brain stem is responsible for what?
Basic vital life functions, it connects cerebrum to the spinal cord.
- contains, mid brain, pons, medulla
What does the mid brain & pons do?
Relay messages b/w medulla & cerebrum.
What does the medulla control?
HR, breathing, swallowing, coughing and vomitting
How long is the spinal and what’s it contain?
It’s 45cm long, contains pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain
Whats the definition of Meninges, Dura matter, Pia matter, Arachoid?
Meninges- connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal fluid
Dura matter- tough outer layer next to the skull
Pia matter- middle layer } cerebrospinal fluid
Arachoid- inner layer } protects & cushions from shock. csf
What does PNS stand for?
Peripheral Nervous system.
How many parts of cranial nerves and spinal cords are there?
12 cn, 31 sc
Cranial nerves do what?
Conduct impulses b/w brain, head, neck, chest. Also smell, sight, hearing, pain, touch & temp
What kind of things happen when your sympathetic- fight or flight?
heart races, pupils dilate, increase BP, muscles tense, nervous/ shaking, adrenaline, sweaty palms, emotional
What happens when your parasympathetic- rest & recovery?
Calm breathing, BP and pulse regulate, pupils contract
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
Sclera- white part of your eye, tough connective tissue includes cornea
Choroid- blood vessels, cilary, muscles, iris (colour) contain pupil
Retina- inner layers, vision receptors fluid b/w cornea & lens- aqueous humor- behind lens is vitreaus humor- a jelly like substance that keeps the shape of the eye.
The hearing assist with what and has how many parts?
It assist with balance and has 3 parts.
a) External- called the pinna, sound waves are guided by the outer ear and into the auditory canal (2.5cm)
Eardrum (tympanic membrane) separates the external and middle ear
b) Middle ear- small space that contains eustachian tubes (connects middle ear & throat) - air enters the esustachian tubes and regulates the pressure on the eardrum
c) inner ear- canals that are semi- circular, called cochlea- contains fluid, carry’s sound waves & regulates balance, senses that position of the head
What are the 4 receptors on your tongue and where are they?
1) bitter - at the back
2) sweet - front
3) salty - front sides
4) sour - back sides
What are the 5 senses?
Sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch
