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AH Exam 4 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical manifestations of fractures?

A

Immediate pain
Inability to bear weight
Crepitation (crunchy noise)
Edema/swelling

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2
Q

What is the healing process of a fracture?

A
  1. Fracture hematoma: Blood clot around first 72 hrs.
  2. Granulation tissue: Basis of new bone tissue (osteoid) at 3-14 days
  3. Callus formation: Mineralization and cartilage at 2 weeks
  4. Ossification: Stable enough to remove cast and limited mobility at 3 weeks to 6 months
  5. Consolidation: Distance between bone fragments closes, up to a 1
    Remodeling: Complete union
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3
Q

What are risk factors for fractures?

A

Systemic disease (ex: diabetes)
Malunion (healed in incorrect position)

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4
Q

What are interdisciplinary managements for fractures? There are 3

A

Realignment
Immobilization
Restoration of function

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5
Q

What are your 5/6 P’s for fractures/compartment syndrome in neurovascular assessments?

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parenthesia
Paralysis
Pressure

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6
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Swelling increases pressure in limited muscle space causing decreased capillary perfusion.

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7
Q

(T/F) You want to elevate and ice the affected area in compartment syndrome

A

False: DO NOT do that, will further decease perfusion

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8
Q

What is venous thromboembolism

A

Blood clot due to fracture, joint replacement, or immobility

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9
Q

What are the anticoagulants used to prevent venous thromboembolism? There are three

A

Enoxaparin (Lovenox): SQ

Warfarin (Coumadin): PO

Apixaban (Eliquis): PO

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10
Q

What are the risks for anticoagulants?

A

Increased bleeding:

Mental status changes

Mucosal/Cutaneous symptoms

Tea colored urine

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11
Q

What are the four fracture complications?

A

Compartment syndrome

Venous Thromboembolism

Fat Embolism Syndrome

Rhabomyolysis

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12
Q

What are clinical manifestations of fat embolism syndrome?

A

Rapid and acute clinical manifestations

Respiratory distress

Tachycardia

Petechiae

Pallor and cyanosis

Hypoxemia

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13
Q

What are clinical manifestations of hip fractures?

A

Severe pain and tenderness

External rotation

Shortening of affected leg

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14
Q

What is management for hip fractures?

A

IMMOBILIZATION

Patient education: hip precautions (no crossing leg or ankle, no bending)

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15
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Slowly progressive noninflammatory disorder of synovial joints

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16
Q

What are clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis

A

Joint pain—worsens with activity

Joint stiffness—especially after rest and worse upon awakening

Asymmetric

Joint deformity (in Bouchard nodes and heberden nodes)

17
Q

What is the diagnostic test for hip fracture?

A

X-ray

18
Q

(T/F) You can use NSAIDs for hip fractures

A

True, along with tropical analgesics

19
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Slowly progressive noninflammatory disorder of synovial joints

20
Q

What is the risk factor that differentiates osteoarthritis to rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Trauma to joints

21
Q

(T/F) Joint pain worsens with activity for osteoarthritis

A

True

22
Q

How long does it take for morning joint stiffness to get better after rest for osteoarthritis?

A

Worse upon waking, better in 30 minutes

23
Q

Between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which one is asymmetric

A

Osteoarthritis

24
Q

What is the diagnostic test for osteoarthritis?

A

X-ray (Joint space narrowing, osteophytes)

25
Q

What are some managements for osteoarthritis?

A

Ice and heat
Frequent rest during ADLs
NSAIDs
Topical Analgesics
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections

26
Q

What are diagnostic tests for rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Rheymatoid factor blood titers
ANA, ESR, CRP testing (autoimmune and inflammatory makrers)
Synovial fluid analysis

27
Q

What NSAID is used to manage Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

28
Q

What are clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis?

A

Slow, gradual, vague
Coordination and valance problems
Speehc
Cognititive impairment

29
Q

What drugs are used for Multiple Sclerosis?

A

DMD Disease Modifying Drugs Suppress the immune system and slow progression

30
Q

What are clinical manifestations of Parkinsosn’s Disease

A

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Tremor at rest aka pill rolling
Gait changes
Postural instability

31
Q

What antiparkinsonian drugs are used to manage Parkinsons’s

A

Cardiopa/Levodopa (Sinemet): Dyskinesia, limit B6 and protein intake
Benztropine (cogentin): Dry mouth, urinary retention

32
Q
A

AH Exam 4 (4 decks)

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