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NURS 332 > MOBILITY > Flashcards

MOBILITY Flashcards

1
Q

What is body mechanics ?

A

the coordinated effort of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system

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2
Q

what is friction ?

A

force that occurs in the opposite direction of movement

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

nurses use information about to implement a nursing intervention like positioning a patient

A

body alignment, balance, gravity and friction

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5
Q

what is meant by alignment and balance ?

A

positoning of joints, tendons, ligaments and muscles when standing or sitting or lying

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6
Q

what is meant by body alignment ?

A

center of gravity is stable

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7
Q

why is correct alignment important ?

A

reduces strain on the muscoskeletal system, helps maintain muscle tone, and conservation of energy

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8
Q

why is balance control needed ?

A

maintenance of static position, the center of gravity would be displaced otherwise

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9
Q

gravity is ?

A

the force of weight that is always directed downward

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10
Q

what can compromise the ability to remain balanced ?

A

disease , injury, physical development and life changes like pregnancy, medications that cause dizziness , and prolonged immobiiity

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11
Q

the greater the surface area of an object moved, the?

A

greater the amount of friction

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12
Q

larger objects produce greater ?

A

resistance to movement

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13
Q

what is shear ?

A

The force that is exerted on the skin when the skin remains stationary

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14
Q

what is the role of the skeletal structure ?

A

provide attachments for muscles and ligaments and the leverage needed for mobility , they are needed for RBC production and aids in calcium regulation, protects vital organs

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15
Q

why are bones important for mobilization ?

A

Because they are firm, elastic and rigid

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16
Q

how are bones firm ?

A

this results from the bone matrix that is made up of inorganic calcium and and phosphate

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17
Q

bones store what ?

A

calcium and will release it into circulation when it is needed

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18
Q

decreased calcium regulation , immobility and metabolism can put someone at risk for

A

osteoporosis and pathological fractures

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19
Q

classification of joints

A

cartilaginous, fibrous, synovial

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20
Q

what are ligaments

A

white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue binding joints together and connecting bones and cartilages, and aid joint flexibility and support

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21
Q

tendons are ?

A

, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic

22
Q

what is cartilege ?

A

non vascular and supports connective tissues located in the joints and the thorax, trachea, nose, ear , larynx

23
Q

long bones contain ?

A

bone marrow

24
Q

altered bone barrow leads to

A

lack of RBC production, reduced hemoglobin, easy fatigue and increases the chance of a fall happening

25
Q

the nervous system regulates ?

A

movement and posture

26
Q

the major voluntary motor area is called ? and where is it found ?

A

the precentral gyrus and it is found in the cerebral cortex

27
Q

movement will be impaired by ?

A

disorders that impact neurotransmitter production, transfer of nerve from nerve to muscle or activation of a muscle

28
Q

what are the pathological influences on mobility ? give an example of each

A

postural abnormalities( scolisis bow leg, club foot ), muscle abnormalitie(muscle dystrophy), damage to the central nervous system( stroke, head trauma, infection, muscoskeletal trauma ( sprains, fractures, bruises )

29
Q

postural abnormalities can cause ?

A

pain, impair alignment and mobility

30
Q

meningitis, stroke, and head injury will cause damage to ?

A

the cerebellum/ motor strip in the cerebral cortex

31
Q

hypotonia is ?

A

abnormal muscle tone , which has decreased resistance and little to no muscle tone

32
Q

prolonged bed rest is associated with

A

sensorimotor dysfunction , postural instability , dysregulated sense of balance

33
Q

Damage to any component of the central nervous system that regulates voluntary movement results in

A

in impaired body alignment, balance, and mobility.

34
Q

mobility refers to ?

A

to a person’s ability to move about freely,

35
Q

immobility refers to ?

A

refers to the inability to not move freely

36
Q

what is bed rest ?

A

is an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons

37
Q

what is meant by hazards of immobility ?

A

cluster of symptoms associated muscular de-conditioning and lack of physical activity that is seen with bed rest

38
Q

what is disuse atrophy ?

A

the tendency of cells and tissue to reduce in size and function in response to prolonged inactivity resulting from bed rest, trauma, casting, or local nerve damage

39
Q

deconditioning related to reduced walking increase what ?

A

the likelihood of a fall

40
Q

how much muscle strength is lost be day on bed rest ?

A

3%

41
Q

how does immobility disrupt normal metabolic functioning ?

A

decreasing the metabolic rate; altering the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; causing fluid, electrolyte, and calcium imbalances; and causing gastrointestinal disturbances such as decreased appetite and slowing of peristalsis

42
Q

When the patient is immobile, his or her body often excretes ?

A

more nitrogen leading to a negative nitrogen balance

43
Q

tissue cata­bolism causes ?

A

Weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and weakness

44
Q

Immobility causes the release of ?

A

calcium into the circulation, can lead to hypercalcemia

45
Q

Pathological fractures will occur when ?

A

calcium resorption continues , patient continues on bed rest or continues to be immobile

46
Q

how is GI function impacted by immobility

A

could result in either constipation or pseudodiarrhea from fecal impaction. over time there will be dehydration, absorption will stop, fluid and electrolye disturbances will become worse , depressed intestinal function

47
Q

most common respiratory complications with immobility ?

A

atelectasis (collapse of alveoli) and hypostatic pneumonia (inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions)

48
Q

what happens in atelectasis

A

secretions block a bronchiole or a bronchus; and the distal lung tissue (alveoli) collapses as the existing air is absorbed, producing hypoventilation

49
Q

. Hypostatic pneumonia frequently results from

A

because mucus is an excellent place for bacteria to grow, the distribution of mucus in the bronchi increases, particularly when the patient is in the supine, prone, or lateral position

50
Q
A

NURS 332 (4 decks)

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