Mobile Devices Flashcards
Laptop batteries - what type
- The power source when unplugged
– May be easily replaced or require a tear down
– Five minutes vs. one hour - Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) and
– Lithium-Ion polymer (LiPo) are common
– No “memory effect”
– Charging the battery diminishes capacity - Different form factor for each laptop
– Battery types and styles can vary
– Battery technology is changing constantly
Laptop memory What kind?
Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SO-DIMM)
* Memory used in laptops and mobile devices
– Often easy to install and replace
* Some laptop memory is soldered to the system board
– No upgrade available
– Requires a full system board replacement
What kind Laptop storage?
- Magnetic disk
– Traditional spinning drive platters
– 2.5 form factors (3.5 inch for desktops) - SSD (Solid-state drive)
– All memory, no moving parts
– Silent, fast access time, less latency
– 2.5 inch form factors - M.2
– Smaller form factor
– No SATA data or power cables
– Easy to install and replace
Migrating from HDD to SSD
- Install an OS on the SSD
– Move user documents between drives
– Install any required applications
– Can be time consuming - Image/clone the HDD
– No OS installation required
– Move everything from one to the other - Imaging software needed
– Sometimes included with the SSD
– Many commercial and open source options - Create an image file - One drive at a time
- Drive-to-drive image
– Image directly from one drive to the other
802.11 wireless and Bluetooth
- Wireless network connectivity
– Connect without wires - 802.11
– Local area network (LAN)
– High speed, Internet access - Bluetooth
– Personal area network (PAN) - Short range
– Connect peripherals and other nearby device
Biometrics Types
Sign in or unlock your laptop with a
fingerprint reader or face recognition
– Something you are
* Requires additional configuration in the OS
– Hardware required for most options
* Relatively secure
– Faces and fingerprints are quite unique
What is Near-field communication (NFC)
Short-distance networking
– 4 centimeters or less
– Data transfers or authentication
* Common on mobile phones and smart watches
– Payment method on your wrist
* Use it for authentication without typing a password
– Hospital workstations, warehouses, manufacturing
Pros Cons Portable LCD
Portable LCD
* Liquid crystal display
– Light shines through liquid crystals
* Advantages
– Lightweight
– Relatively low power
– Relatively inexpensive
* Disadvantages
– Black levels are a challenge
– Requires separate backlight
– Florescent, LED, etc.
– Lights are difficult to replace
3 types LCD technologies
TN (Twisted Nematic) LCD
– The original LCD technology
– Fast response times (gaming!)
– Poor viewing angles - color shifts
* IPS (In Plane Switching) LCD
– Excellent color representation
– More expensive to produce than TN
* VA (Vertical Alignment) LCD
– A good compromise between TN and IPS
– Good color representation
– Slower response times than TN
Explain OLED
- Organic Light Emitting Diode
– Organic compound emits light when
receiving an electric current - Thinner and lighter
– Flexible and mobile - no glass needed - No backlight
– The organic compound provides the light - Tablets, phones, smart watches
– Very accurate color representation
– A bit higher cost than LCD
Wi-Fi antennas locations
- Multiple antennas
– WiFi main and aux / Bluetooth - Antenna wires wrap around the laptop screen
– It’s up high!
describe Webcam
- Video capture - Built-in camera and microphone
- Usually includes both audio and video
– Specialized drivers and software
describe Microphone
- Built-in to the laptop display
– Useful for video calls - Not good for non-casual use
– Analog or USB microphones can help
Fluorescent vs. LED backlighting
- LED-backlit LCD display
– Backlight is LEDs instead of florescent
– LEDs around the edge of the screen
– An array of LEDs behind the screen
– The latest laptops are LED-backlit - CCFL - Cold Cathode
– Fluorescent Lamp
– Higher voltage and power needed
– Added thickness to the display
– No longer a common backlight
– Older laptops will use these
Explain Backlight and inverter
- LCD displays need a backlight
– Florescent lamp/LED to LCD display to your eyes - Some laptops have inverters - Turn DC into AC
- Verify backlight
– Look closely and use a flashlight - May need to replace the LCD inverter or display
– Choose carefully
Explain Digitizer
- Use a pen-like device as input
– Stylus input - Useful for graphical input - Used commonly on laptop / tablets
– Or hybrid device
Explain Touchscreen
Merge laptop and tablet input
– Digitizer responds to touch - No keyboard required
* But often still available
– Many options for input - Use the best one for the job
Explain USB
- Universal Serial Bus
– High-speed wired communication
– Used for charging and data transfers - Micro-USB
– A smaller USB connection
– Common now worldwide - Older devices may use Mini-USB
– Slightly larger
Explain USB-C (pins..)
24-pin double-sided USB connector
– Used for both hosts and devices
* Acts as a USB 2.0/3.0/3.1/4 connection
– Different signals can use the same connector
* Can transmit other signals
– DisplayPort, HDMI, Thunderbolt
Explain Lightning
- Apple proprietary
– 8-pin digital signals
– iPhone and iPad devices - Some advantages over Micro-USB
– Higher power output for phones and tablets
– Can be inserted either way
– Simpler design
Explain Serial interfaces
- DB-9 - also called DE-9
- Commonly used for RS-232 signals
– Recommended Standard 232
– An industry standard since 1969 - Serial communications standard
– Traditionally used for modem connections - Now used as a configuration port
– Switches, routers, firewalls, etc
– Use a USB to DB-9 converter cable
Explain NFC
- Near Field Communication
– Send small amounts of data wirelessly
over a limited area - Built into your phone
– Payment systems, transportation,in-person
information exchange - Access token, identity “card”
– Short range with encryption support
Explain Bluetooth
- High speed communication over short distances
– PAN (Personal Area Network) - Connects our mobile devices
– Smartphones
– Tethering
– Headsets and headphones
– Health monitors
– Automobile and phone integration
– Smartwatches
– External speakers
Explain Hotspot
- Turn your phone into a WiFi hotspot
– Your own personal wireless router
– Extend the cellular data network
to all of your devices - Dependent on phone type and provider
– May require additional charges and data costs
Explain Touch pens
Touchscreen pen / touch screen stylus / capacitive stylus
– Activate the interface without actually touching it
* Handwriting
– Note taking, signatures
* Precise selection
– Easier to see the screen
Explain Active stylus
- Digital stylus
– A more advanced writing tool - The stylus communicates directly to the device
– Pressure sensitivity, programmable buttons, etc. - Must be compatible with the tablet
– e.g., Apple iPad uses an Apple Pencil
Explain Drawing pad
- Use an active stylus with an external digitizer
– Very precise input
Explain Trackpad
- Replace the mouse
– Useful in tight working areas
– Common on laptops - External options
– Battery powered
– Bluetooth connected - Drag and tap
– Or use multiple finger input for right-clicking, zooming,
and window control - Enable and disable
– Avoid inadvertent mouse clicks and movements
Explain Headsets
- Hands-free audio - Earphones and microphone
- Wired
– USB connections are common on laptops
– Connects to 3.5 mm
TRRS (tip-ring-ring-sleeve) connector
– Analog audio jack
– iPhone can use Lightning port - Wireless - Bluetooth headsets
Explain Docking station
- Docking station
– Use external keyboard and mouse
– Extend existing laptop interfaces
– Add additional functionality
– Desktop adapter cards
– Avoid cable issues
Explain Docking Port replicator
- Port replicator
– Similar to a docking station
– Does not commonly have an expansion card option
– Usually connects using USB
Explain Cellular networks
- Mobile devices
– “Cell” phones - Separate land into “cells”
– Antenna coverages a cell with certain frequencies - 2G networks
– GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications
– CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access - Poor data support
– Originally used circuit-switching
– Minor upgrades for some packet-switching
GSM
- Global System for Mobile Communications
– Mobile networking standard - 90% of the market
– Originally an EU standard
– Worldwide coverage - Used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the United States
– Move your SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module) from
phone to phone - Original GSM standard used multiplexing
– Everyone gets a little slice of time
CDMA
- Code Division Multiple Access
– Everyone communicates at the same time
– Each call uses a different code
– The codes are used to filter each call on the receiving side - Used by Verizon and Sprint
– Handsets are controlled by the network provider
– Not much adoption elsewhere
Explain 3G technology
- 3rd Generation
– Introduced in 1998 - Upgraded data connectivity over 2G
– Incremental 3G updates improved speeds
– Usually several megabits per second - Bandwidth improvement allowed new functionality
– GPS
– Mobile television
– Video on demand
– Video conferencing
Explain 4G and LTE
- Long Term Evolution (LTE)
– A “4G” technology
– Converged standard (GSM and CDMA providers)
– Based on GSM and EDGE
(Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
– Standard supports download rates of 150 Mbit/s - LTE Advanced (LTE-A)
– Standard supports download rates of 300 Mbit/
Explain 5G
- Fifth generation cellular networking
– Launched worldwide in 2020 - Significant performance improvements
– At higher frequencies
– Eventually 10 gigabits per second
– Slower speeds from 100-900 Mbit/s - Significant IoT impact
– Bandwidth becomes less of a constraint
– Larger data transfers
– Faster monitoring and notification
– Additional cloud processing
Explain Hotspot
Turn your phone into a WiFi hotspot
– Your own personal wireless router
– Extend the cellular data network to all of your devices
* Dependent on phone type and provider
– May require additional charges and data costs
Explain PRL
- PRL (Preferred Roaming List) updates
– CDMA networks (i.e., Verizon, Sprint) - Allows your phone to connect to the right tower
– Can be updated over the air (OTA)
Explain GPS
GPS (Global Positioning System)
* Created by the U.S. Department of Defense
– Over 30 satellites currently in orbit
* Precise navigation - Need to see at least 4 satellites
* Determines location based on timing differences
– Longitude, latitude, altitude
Mobile device location services and geotracking
– Maps, directions
– Determine physical location based on
GPS, WiFi, and cellular towers
Explain MDM
MDM (Mobile Device Management)
* Manage company-owned and user-owned mobile devices
– BYOD - Bring Your Own Device
* Centralized management of the mobile devices
– Specialized functionality
* Set policies on apps, data, camera, etc.
– Control the remote device
– The entire device or a “partition”
* Manage access control
– Force screen locks and PINs on these single user devices
Explain MDM configurations
- Corporate email configuration
– User does not need to configure anything
– The MDM makes the changes on the device
– Account details, server address, communication method - Two-factor authentication
– Require specific authentication types
– Biometrics, pseudo-random authentication app - Corporate applications
– Allow or restrict app installation
– Prevent unauthorized app usage
