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Additional Drug Facts > MOA, Special Considerations, Adverse Reactions, Onset/Duration > Flashcards

MOA, Special Considerations, Adverse Reactions, Onset/Duration Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine: MOA

A

Direct acting alpha and beta agonist.
* Alpha: Bronchial, cutaneous, renal, and viceral arteriolar vasoconstriction. 🐍 Increases blood pressure and inproves perfusion.
* Beta 1: Positive inotropic and chronotropic actions - increases automaticity - increased heart rate and contractility.💪🏻💨🫀
* Beta 2: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of skeletal vasculature.🫁🧘 Blocks histamine release. 🤧

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2
Q

Epinephrine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Hypertension
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Anxiety😬
  • Psychomotor agitiation 🫨
  • Angina
  • Headache
  • Restlessness
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3
Q

Epinephrine: Drug Interactions

A
  • Potentiates with other sympathomimetics.
  • Deactivated by alkaline solutions.
  • MAOI’s may potentiate effects of epi.
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4
Q

Epinephrine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: Immediate
Peak: Minutes
Duration: Several minutes

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5
Q

Amiodarone: MOA

A
  • Prolongation of action potential.
  • Non-competitive aplha and beta sympathetic blocking effects.
  • Calcium channel blocking effects.
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6
Q

Amiodarone: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • PEA
  • CHF
  • Nausea
  • Fever
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7
Q

Amiodarone: Drug Interactions

A

Will precipitate w/ Sodium Bicarbonate - Incompatable.

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8
Q

Amiodarone: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak: Variable
Duration: Variable (30-40 days)

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9
Q

Amiodarone: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C.
  • Administer cautiously in patients with HF or poor systolic function.
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10
Q

Nitroglycerine: MOA

A
  • Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and unterine smooth muscle.
  • Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphy - reduces preload and afterload.
  • Decreases workload of the heart and thereby reduces myocardial O2 demand.
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11
Q

Nitroglycerine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Headache
  • Hypotension
  • Syncope
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Flushing
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diaphoresis
  • Muscle twitching
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12
Q

Nitroglycerine: Drug Interactions

A

Addative effects with other vasadilators.

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13
Q

Nitroglycerine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 1-3 minutes
Peak: 5-10 minutes
Duration: 20-30 minutes

IV: 1-10 minues after discontinued.

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14
Q

Nitroglycerine: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C
  • Hypotension more common in geriatric.
  • Decomposes in sunlight.
  • Keep in airtight containers.
  • Active ingredient may sting SL.
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15
Q

Aspirin: MOA

A

Prostoglandin inhibitor: reduces pain.
Blocks thromboxane A2: makes platelets less sticky.

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16
Q

Aspirin: Drug Interactions

A

Use caution in patients with NSAID allergy.

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17
Q

Aspirin: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Heartburn
  • GI bleeding
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Wheezing in allergic patients
  • Prolonged bleeding
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18
Q

Aspirin: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 30-45min
Peak: Variable
Duration: Variable

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19
Q

Aspirin: Special Considerations

A

Pregnancy CAT D.

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20
Q

Atropine Sulfate: MOA

A
  • Increases conduction through the AV node.
  • Increases HR in life-threatening bradydysrhythmias.
  • Parasympatholitic: Inhibits action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites.

Leads to increased HR, bronchiodilation, and **reduced secretions. **

21
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Paradoxical bradycardia when pushed slowly or at low doses.
  • Flushing
  • Anticholinergic effects: blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention.
22
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Drug Interactions:

A

Effects enhanced by:
* antihistamines
* antipsychotics
* benzodiazepines
* antidepressants

23
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: Immediate
Peak: 1-2 mins
Duration: 2-6 hrs

24
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C
  • Moderate doses dialte pupils
25
Q

Lidocaine: MOA

A

Decreasesd automaticity by slowing the rate of spontaneous phase 4 depolarization.

Raises the V-Fib threshold.

26
Q

Lidocaine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Slurred speech
  • Seizures
  • AMS
  • Confusion
  • Lightheadedness
  • Blurred vision
  • Bradycardia
27
Q

Lidocaine: Drug Interactions

A
  • Apnea induced w/succinylcholine may be prolonged w/ high doses of lidocaine.
  • Cardiac depression may occur in conjunction with IV Dilantin.
  • Metabolic clearance decreased in patients w/ liver disease or those patients taking beta-blockers.
28
Q

Lidocaine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 1-5min
Peak: 5-10min
Duration: Variable (15min-2hrs)

29
Q

Lidocaine: Special Considerations

A
  • Preganacy CAT B
  • Reduce maintenance infusions by 50% if patient is over 70yo, has liver disease, CHF, or shock.
  • A 75-100mg bolus maintains levels for only 20 minutes
  • If bradycardia occurs w/PVC’s - always treat with Atropine!
  • Exceeedingly high doses of Lidocaine can result in coma/death.
  • Avoid lidocaine for reperfusion dysrhythmias after thombolytic therapy.
30
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor): MOA

A
  • Selective inhibitor of beta-1 adregeneric receptors.
  • Completely blocks beta-1 receptors (blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart).
  • Little or no effect on beta-2 receptors at doses <100mg.

Leads to a decrease in HR, BP, and myocardial O2 demand.

31
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor): Adverse Reactions

A
  • Patients with respiratory conditions may experience bronchospasm.
  • Bradycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Edema
  • CHF
  • Reduced peripheral circulation
  • Drowsiness
  • Insomnia
32
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor): Drug Interactions

A
  • Drugs with slow AV conduction (Digoxin) - effects may be additive with beta-blockers.
  • May blunt the hyperglycemic action of Glucogon.
  • Verapamil or Diltiazem may have synergistic or addative pharmacological effects when taken concurrently with beta-blockers - Avoid concurent IV use.
33
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor): Onset/Duration

`

A

Onset: 1-3 min.
Duration: 3-4 hrs.

34
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor): Special Considerations

A

Pregancy CAT C (CAT D in 2nd & 3rd trimester)

35
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem): MOA

A
  • Block influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle.
  • Arteriol and venous vasodilator.
  • Reduces pre-load and afterload.
  • Reduces myocardial O2 demand.

**Slows the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node. **

36
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem): Adverse Reactions

A
  • Bradycardia
  • 2nd or 3rd degree AV blocks
  • Chest pain
  • CHF
  • Syncope
  • V-Fib/V-Tach
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Dry Mouth
  • Dyspnea
  • Headache
37
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem): Drug Interactions

A
  • Use caution in patients using medications that affect cardiac contractitlity.
  • In general, shoudl not be used in patients on beta-blockers.
38
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem): Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 2-5 min
Peak: Variable
Duration: 1-3 hrs

39
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem): Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C
  • Use caution in patioents w/ renal or hepatic (liver) dysfunction.
40
Q

Adenosine: MOA

A
  • Binds to Adenosine receptors in the heart which activates potassium channels and inhibits calcium influx.
  • ⬆️ temporarily blocks the AV node’s conduction (briefly stops the heart);
  • which can be used diognostocally to identify certain types of arrhythmias.
41
Q

Adenosine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Dizziness
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypotension
  • Bronchospasm
  • Palpitations
  • Arrythmias
  • Transient AV Block
42
Q

Adenosine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: Immediate
Duration: 12 seconds

43
Q

Adenosine: Drug Interations

A
  • Methylxanthines (theophylline-like drugs) antagonize the effects of adenosine.
  • Dipyridamole (Persantine) potentiates the effects of adenosine.
  • Carbamazepine (Tegretol) may potentate the AV Node blocking effects of adenosine.
44
Q

Adenosine: Special Considerations

A
  • Short half-life limits side effects in most patients.
  • Preg. CAT C.
45
Q

Calcium Chloride: MOA

A
  • Increases amount of calcium ions in the body directly affecting intracellular calcium levels.
  • ⬆️ increases myocardial contractile force as well as ventricular automaticity.
46
Q

Calcium Chloride: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Tissue Necrosis
  • Arrythmias
47
Q

Calcium Chloride: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 1-3 min
Peak: 3-5 min
Duration: 20-30 min

48
Q

Calcium Chloride: Special Considerations

A

Preg. CAT C

49
Q

Calcium Chloride: Drug Interactions

A
  • Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate in running IV, flush prior to administration in
    same IV line
  • May worsen dysrhythmias secondary to digitalis.
  • May antagonize effects of Verapamil.

Additional Drug Facts (1 decks)

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