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Additional Drug Facts > MOA, Special Considerations, Adverse Reactions, Onset/Duration > Flashcards

MOA, Special Considerations, Adverse Reactions, Onset/Duration Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine: MOA

A

Direct acting alpha and beta agonist.
* Alpha: Bronchial, cutaneous, renal, and viceral arteriolar vasoconstriction. 🐍 Increases blood pressure and inproves perfusion.
* Beta 1: Positive inotropic and chronotropic actions - increases automaticity - increased heart rate and contractility.💪🏻💨🫀
* Beta 2: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of skeletal vasculature.🫁🧘 Blocks histamine release. 🤧

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2
Q

Epinephrine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Hypertension
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Anxiety😬
  • Psychomotor agitiation 🫨
  • Angina
  • Headache
  • Restlessness
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3
Q

Epinephrine: Drug Interactions

A
  • Potentiates with other sympathomimetics.
  • Deactivated by alkaline solutions.
  • MAOI’s may potentiate effects of epi.
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4
Q

Epinephrine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: Immediate
Peak: Minutes
Duration: Several minutes

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5
Q

Amiodarone: MOA

A
  • Prolongation of action potential.
  • Non-competitive aplha and beta sympathetic blocking effects.
  • Calcium channel blocking effects.
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6
Q

Amiodarone: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • PEA
  • CHF
  • Nausea
  • Fever
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7
Q

Amiodarone: Drug Interactions

A

Will precipitate w/ Sodium Bicarbonate - Incompatable.

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8
Q

Amiodarone: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak: Variable
Duration: Variable (30-40 days)

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9
Q

Amiodarone: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C.
  • Administer cautiously in patients with HF or poor systolic function.
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10
Q

Nitroglycerine: MOA

A
  • Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and unterine smooth muscle.
  • Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphy - reduces preload and afterload.
  • Decreases workload of the heart and thereby reduces myocardial O2 demand.
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11
Q

Nitroglycerine: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Headache
  • Hypotension
  • Syncope
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Flushing
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diaphoresis
  • Muscle twitching
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12
Q

Nitroglycerine: Drug Interactions

A

Addative effects with other vasadilators.

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13
Q

Nitroglycerine: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 1-3 minutes
Peak: 5-10 minutes
Duration: 20-30 minutes

IV: 1-10 minues after discontinued.

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14
Q

Nitroglycerine: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C
  • Hypotension more common in geriatric.
  • Decomposes in sunlight.
  • Keep in airtight containers.
  • Active ingredient may sting SL.
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15
Q

Aspirin: MOA

A

Prostoglandin inhibitor: reduces pain.
Blocks thromboxane A2: makes platelets less sticky.

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16
Q

Aspirin: Drug Interactions

A

Use caution in patients with NSAID allergy.

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17
Q

Aspirin: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Heartburn
  • GI bleeding
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Wheezing in allergic patients
  • Prolonged bleeding
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18
Q

Aspirin: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: 30-45min
Peak: Variable
Duration: Variable

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19
Q

Aspirin: Special Considerations

A

Pregnancy CAT D.

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20
Q

Atropine Sulfate: MOA

A
  • Increases conduction through the AV node.
  • Increases HR in life-threatening bradydysrhythmias.
  • Parasympatholitic: Inhibits action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites.

Leads to increased HR, bronchiodilation, and **reduced secretions. **

21
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Adverse Reactions

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Paradoxical bradycardia when pushed slowly or at low doses.
  • Flushing
  • Anticholinergic effects: blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention.
22
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Drug Interactions:

A

Effects enhanced by:
* antihistamines
* antipsychotics
* benzodiazepines
* antidepressants

23
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Onset/Duration

A

Onset: Immediate
Peak: 1-2 mins
Duration: 2-6 hrs

24
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Special Considerations

A
  • Preg. CAT C
  • Moderate doses dialte pupils
25
Lidocaine: MOA
Decreasesd automaticity by slowing the rate of spontaneous **phase 4 depolarization**. **Raises the V-Fib threshold.**
26
Lidocaine: Adverse Reactions
* Slurred speech * Seizures * AMS * Confusion * Lightheadedness * Blurred vision * Bradycardia
27
Lidocaine: Drug Interactions
* Apnea induced w/succinylcholine may be prolonged w/ high doses of lidocaine. * Cardiac depression may occur in conjunction with IV Dilantin. * Metabolic clearance decreased in patients w/ liver disease or those patients taking beta-blockers.
28
Lidocaine: Onset/Duration
Onset: 1-5min Peak: 5-10min Duration: Variable (15min-2hrs)
29
Lidocaine: Special Considerations
* Preganacy CAT B * Reduce maintenance infusions by 50% if patient is over 70yo, has liver disease, CHF, or shock. * A 75-100mg bolus maintains levels for only 20 minutes * If bradycardia occurs w/PVC's - always treat with Atropine! * Exceeedingly high doses of Lidocaine can result in coma/death. * Avoid lidocaine for reperfusion dysrhythmias after thombolytic therapy.
30
Metoprolol (Lopressor): MOA
* Selective inhibitor of beta-1 adregeneric receptors. * Completely blocks beta-1 receptors (blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart). * Little or no effect on beta-2 receptors at doses <100mg. Leads to a decrease in HR, BP, and myocardial O2 demand.
31
Metoprolol (Lopressor): Adverse Reactions
* Patients with respiratory conditions may experience bronchospasm. * Bradycardia * Palpitations * Edema * CHF * Reduced peripheral circulation * Drowsiness * Insomnia
32
Metoprolol (Lopressor): Drug Interactions
* Drugs with slow AV conduction (Digoxin) - effects may be additive with beta-blockers. * May blunt the hyperglycemic action of Glucogon. * Verapamil or Diltiazem may have synergistic or addative pharmacological effects when taken concurrently with beta-blockers - Avoid concurent IV use.
33
Metoprolol (Lopressor): Onset/Duration ## Footnote `
Onset: 1-3 min. Duration: 3-4 hrs.
34
Metoprolol (Lopressor): Special Considerations
Pregancy CAT C (CAT D in 2nd & 3rd trimester)
35
Diltiazem (Cardizem): MOA
* Block influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle. * Arteriol and venous vasodilator. * Reduces pre-load and afterload. * Reduces myocardial O2 demand. **Slows the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node. **
36
Diltiazem (Cardizem): Adverse Reactions
* Bradycardia * 2nd or 3rd degree AV blocks * Chest pain * CHF * Syncope * V-Fib/V-Tach * Nausea/Vomiting * Dizziness * Dry Mouth * Dyspnea * Headache
37
Diltiazem (Cardizem): Drug Interactions
* Use caution in patients using medications that affect cardiac contractitlity. * In general, shoudl not be used in patients on beta-blockers.
38
Diltiazem (Cardizem): Onset/Duration
Onset: 2-5 min Peak: Variable Duration: 1-3 hrs
39
Diltiazem (Cardizem): Special Considerations
* Preg. CAT C * Use caution in patioents w/ renal or hepatic (liver) dysfunction.
40
Adenosine: MOA
* Binds to Adenosine receptors in the heart which activates potassium channels and inhibits calcium influx. * ⬆️ **temporarily blocks the AV node's conduction** (briefly stops the heart); * which can be used diognostocally to **identify certain types of arrhythmias**.
41
Adenosine: Adverse Reactions
* Dizziness * Dyspnea * Hypotension * Bronchospasm * Palpitations * Arrythmias * Transient AV Block
42
Adenosine: Onset/Duration
Onset: Immediate Duration: 12 seconds
43
Adenosine: Drug Interations
* Methylxanthines (theophylline-like drugs) antagonize the effects of adenosine. * Dipyridamole (Persantine) potentiates the effects of adenosine. * Carbamazepine (Tegretol) may potentate the AV Node blocking effects of adenosine.
44
Adenosine: Special Considerations
* Short half-life limits side effects in most patients. * Preg. CAT C.
45
Calcium Chloride: MOA
* Increases amount of calcium ions in the body directly affecting intracellular calcium levels. * ⬆️ **increases myocardial contractile force** as well as **ventricular automaticity.**
46
Calcium Chloride: Adverse Reactions
* Nausea/Vomiting * Hypercalcemia * Bradycardia * Hypotension * Tissue Necrosis * Arrythmias
47
Calcium Chloride: Onset/Duration
Onset: 1-3 min Peak: 3-5 min Duration: 20-30 min
48
Calcium Chloride: Special Considerations
Preg. CAT C
49
Calcium Chloride: Drug Interactions
* **Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate in running IV**, flush prior to administration in same IV line * May worsen dysrhythmias secondary to digitalis. * May antagonize effects of Verapamil.

Additional Drug Facts (1 decks)

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