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MOA of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin

Effects on triglycerides?

A

Bounds lysine on AT III enhancing AT III’s ability to neutralize thrombin (factor II) and factors IX, X, XI, XII

Increase release of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with insulin (decrease TG), then an effective alternative Tx for high triglycerides induced acute pancreatitis

Heparin decreases TG and Cho

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2
Q

Aspirin

A

Irreversibly inhibits production of thromboxane by inhibiting COX (arachidonic acid —>PGH2)

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3
Q

Antiemetics MOA

  1. 5HT3 antagonist: ___, ___, ___
  2. 5HT4/serotonin agonist: ___, ___, ___
  3. Dopamine-2 antagonist: ___, ___, ___
  4. NK-1 receptor antagonist: ___
  5. Proton pump inhibitor: ___ (inhibit P450)
  6. H2 antagonist: ___, ___ (inhibit P450), ___
A

Antiemetics MOA

  1. 5HT3 antagonist: ondansetron, metoclopramide, cisapride
  2. 5HT4/serotonin agonist: cisapride, metoclopramide, erythromycin
  3. D-2 antagonist: metoclopramide, domperidone, chlorpromazine
  4. NK-1 receptor antagonist: maropitant
  5. Proton pump inhibitor: omeprazole (inhibit P450)
  6. H2 antagonist: famotidine, cimetidine (inhibit P450), ranitidine
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4
Q

What microorganisms are resistant to penicillin and beta-lactam?

A

Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma??

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5
Q

Four anaerobic antibiotics

A

amoxicillin, cephalexin, metronidazole, clindamycin

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6
Q

NSAID which causes irreversible COX inhibittion

A

Aspirin

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7
Q

Omeprazole

A

Irreversibly binds H-K ATPase at parietal cell
Inhibits CYP 450
Decreased CSF production

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8
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Binds to cyclophilins which associated with Ca dependent calcineurin-calmodulin complexes
Stopping dephosphoorylation of NFAT
Decreases IL-2 production in G0 phase T cells
Also cyclosporine can inhibit insulin release

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9
Q

Allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Dalmatians, English bulldogs, liver dysfunction

Dalmatians thought to be due to uric acid transport defect which prevents movement of uric acids into hepatocytes for conversion to allantoin by uricase.

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10
Q

4-MP

A

Competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase preventing formation of oxalic acid if given early to EG ingestion cases

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11
Q

What organisms not killed by Clavamox?

A

Enterococci

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12
Q

Which skin layer prevents drug absorption?

A

Stratum corneum

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13
Q

What are the effects of epinephrine on bronchi, vessels iris?

A

Bronchi: dilation of bronchi
Vessels: vasodilation of muscle/liver (beta2), vasoconstriction of other vessels (beta1)
Iris: mydriasis

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14
Q

Most common neurotransmitter in sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve ending?

A

NE

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15
Q

What will heparin lower with blood work?

A

Triglycerides and cholesterol due to increased LPL with heparin

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16
Q

What drug is a platelet adhesion inhibitor?

A

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor

GP = glycoprotein

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17
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Inhibits SV2A which is a voltage-gated Ca channel located on membrane on synaptic vesicles in the neuronal and endocrine system

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18
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)

A

Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) necessary for purine synthesis
The rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides

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19
Q

Azathioprine

A

purine analogue that inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis
decreases T cell mainly
may decreases CD8 and NK cells (cell mediated immunity effect)
functions as competitive purine antagonist

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20
Q

PPA (phenylpropanolamine)

A

Stimulate alpha receptors in urethral sphincter
Used for urinary incontinence (Proin)
Selective norepinephrine releasing agent

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21
Q

Phenobarbital

A

GABA mimetic
Causes influx of Cl into the cell, creating a more negative RMP; harder to depolarize
AE: necrolytic dermatitis, decreases total and free T4

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22
Q

Potassium bromide (KBr)

A

Bromide ions compete with Cl transport and membrane hyper polarization and raising seizure threshold
High dietary Cl will enhance renal excretion of KBr
AE: allergic pneumonitis in cats which can be fetal

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23
Q

Zonisamide

A

Inhibits Na and Ca channels and increases GABA effects
Increases total T4
T-type Ca channel, voltage gated Na channel inhibitor, facilitate dopaminergic/serotonergic neurotransmitter

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24
Q

Felbamate

A

Dicarbamate that blocks NMDA-mediated excitation, potentate GABA-mediated inhibition, inhibits voltage-sensitive Na and Ca channels

25
Prazosin
alpha 1 antagonist that works on internal and external urethral sphincter
26
Tx for overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
2PAM 2PAM competes with organophosphates which inhibit Achetylcholinesterase) and dissociated them. Atropine and glycopyrolate only work at muscarinic receptor. No pure nicotine receptor inhibitor.
27
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, Actigall)
UDCA is secreted into bile, it becomes protonated, leaving one HCO3 ion. Protonated UDCA becomes reabsorbed into hepatocytes resulting in the net secretion of one HCO3 ion which draw water into the bile. Also has immunomodulatory effects; inhibition of IL-1, IL-2, Ig from B cells Replaces more toxic hydrophobic bile acids with hydrophilic bile acid.
28
Dirlotapide
Inhibits release lipoproteins and reduces fat deposition. Used for weight loss (Slentrol)
29
Pentoxyphylline
Non-specific PDE inhibitor
30
Thienopyridines (Clopidogrel, Plavix)
Inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation without effects on COX
31
Oclacitinib MOA and side effects
JAK 1 and 3 inhibitor Inhibit IL-31 AEs: vomiting and diarrhea in 5%
32
Trilostane
Inhibits 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase | pregnenelone to progesterone
33
Erythromycin
motilin agonist | 5HT4 agonist
34
Misoprostol
PGE1 analogue inhibits secretion of gastric acid increase bicarb
35
Prednisone
Inhibits phospholipase which concerts phospholipids to arachidonic acid Stabilize membranes Inhibits chemotactic factors Inhibits elastase
36
Methimazole
Inhibits thyroperoxidase No oxidation of iodide to iodine GI AEs in 10% of cats Excoriation AEs in 2-3% of cats in face and neck Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 3-9% of cats
37
Leflunomide
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor | inhibits mitochondria enzyme dehydroratate dehydrogenase and cell arrest in G1 phase
38
Drug interaction between enrofloxacin and theophylline
Reduce theophylline dosage by 30% due to enro increase the bioavailability of theophylline
39
Nitroimidazole
redox reaction crease DNA damage?
40
Diaminopyrimidine
inhibits production of THF doom DHF?
41
Diazoxide
Inhibits insulin secretion by opening ATP sensitive potassium channel of beta cells of pancreas Tx of choice for insulinoma
42
How reverse diazepam?
Benzodiazepine reversal with flumazenil
43
Gabapentin
Binds to voltage gated Ca channel | Release of excretory neurotransmitter is inhibited by decreasing influx of Ca
44
Felbamate
Anti-convulsant NMDA inhibitor, GABA mediate neuronal inhibitor Increases the activation of Na channel and decreasing sustained high frequency firing of action potential, then reduce excretory neurotransmitter
45
Maropitant
Neurokinin (NK) 1 receptor antagonist
46
Transposons
Allows transfer of DNA from plasmid to chromosome (Ab resistance)
47
Transdermal methimazole
Transdermal formulation in pluronic lecithin organogenesis (PLO) Absorption across stratum corneum Significantly lower GI AEs (4% of cats) compared to oral methimazole
48
Methotrexate
Folic acid analogue Competitively inhibits DHFR (dehydrofolate reductase) and depletes the pools of reduced folates Reduced folates are required in conversion of dUMP to dTMP and for purine synthesis, then inhibits DNA synthesis
49
Hydroxyurea
Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and resulting in depletion of deoxyribonucleotide pools
50
Which lesion does gentamicin damage in the kidney?
Proximal tubule
51
Amphotericin B
Irreversibly binds to sterole, causing membrane pores to form rapidly effective. Also has immunomoduratory effects. Nephrotoxic
52
Theophylline
Inhibits PDE, causing smooth muscle relaxation, improving mucociliary clearance, and improve diaphragm contractility. Drug interaction with Baitryl Antagonized by beta blockers
53
Ca gluconate in hyperklemia
Raises threshold potential of cardiac myocyte to restore gap between resting and threshold.
54
What drugs does phenobarbital increase clearance?
oral antiicoagulants, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, steroids, beta blockers, theophilline, metronidazole. Rifampin decrease the effects of phenobarbital.
55
Estrogen toxicity
Direct effect on one marrow though estradiol-1-beta receptor, induction of myelopoiesis inhibitor factor.
56
ABX penetrates BBB
Metronidazole, TMS, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin Weak penetration: 3rd generation of cephalosporin, rifampin, fluoroquinolone, doxy, tetracycline, penicillin, clindamycin
57
Acarbose | Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
Competitive inhibitor of alpha glucosidase enzyme
58
Glipizide | Sulfonylureas
Improve insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

Titi Pharm und Tox (3 decks)

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