MNT for Thyroid and other Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
The thyroid gland is the main gland of the ______ system.
Endocrine
The thyroid gland is small, butterfly-shaped, and found in the ____ of the neck.
Front
The thyroid gland responds to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the ______ gland to secrete thyroid hormones.
Pituitary
The thyroid regulates:
Fat and CHO regulation
Body temperature
Respiration
Cholesterol levels
Heart rate
Brain development
Blood Ca levels
Skin, hair growth
Digestion
The main thyroid hormones include: (3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone synthesis requires: (2)
Tyrosine and Iodine
Initially, TPO produces a majority of the T4 hormone. However, most T4 is converted to T3 in the _____ , kidneys, and GI tract. T3 is the predominant and active form in the body.
Liver
Hypothyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disease called _______ _________ , ______ deficiency or due to issues converting T4 to T3.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Iodine
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis produces antibodies that attack _____, the enzyme required to make T4 and T3.
TPO - Thyroid peroxidase enzyme
There is a strong association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and _____ disease.
Celiacs
Factors that may trigger the onset of Hashimotos Thyroiditis include _________ dysfunction, oxidative stress, aging, menopause, and pregnancy.
Adrenal
Factors that decrease the conversion of T4 to T3 include selenium or zinc deficiency, high cortisol, heavy metals, and ____ or _____ dysfunctions.
Liver, kidney
_______ and _____ are cofactors for the enzyme (Deiodinase) needed to convert T4 to T3.
Selenium, Zinc
The most common cause of hyperthyrpoidsim is the autoimmune disease called ______ disease.
Graves
In Graves disease, the antibodies bind with the _____ receptors, which stimulates excessive T4 and T3 production.
TSH
Triggers for Graves disease is _____ and stress.
Genetics
A factor contributing to hyperthyroidism not related to Grave’s disease is _______ of T4 to T3.
Over conversion
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include: feeling _____, dry skin, hair loss, fatigue, weight gain, and constipation.
Cold
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: weight loss, bulging ____, anxiety, rapid heart rate, loss of bone density, and sleep disturbance.
Eyes
Increased ______ synthesis causes bulging eyes in hyperthyroidism.
Protein
A symptom of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is _______. In hypothyroidism, it is a result of increased TSH, and in hypothyroidism, it is a result of overstimulated thyroid.
Goiter (Enlarged thyroid)
The most common lab ordered for thyroid disorders is ____.
TSH
The optimal range for TSH is 0.2- ___ mIU/L
1.9
T/F: People can still be experiencing thyroid disorders even if their TSH lab values are in the reference range of 0.2-5.5 mIU/L.
True, which is why the optimal range of 0.2-1.9 mIU/L is used
To diagnose hashimotos in hypothyroidism, check for ____ antibodies.
TPO
To diagnose Graves in hyperthyroidism, check for TSH ______ antibodies.
Receptor
T4 is a good indicator of __________.
Hypothyroidism, T4 will be low
TSH will be ____ with hypothyroidism.
High
The body produces more TSH to try and stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormone when it is not functioning properly
TSH will be ____ with hyperthyroidism.
Low
When the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, the pituitary gland produces less TSH to slow down the thyroid’s production
The main treatment of hypothyroidism is ______ T4 (Synthroid), useful for Hashimotos.
Synthetic
Treatment of hypothyroidism includes (4):
Synthetic T4
Synthetic T3
Synthetic blend of T3 and T4
Natural desiccated thyroid
Treatment for Hyperthyroidism includes:
Drug therapy
Radioactive iodine to destroy extra thyroid tissue
Surgical removal - often leads to hypothyroidism
MNT for hypothyroids:
Adjust energy needs for weight loss, but severe calorie restriction can reduce thyroid hormone activity
Iodine - not above the RDV for Hashimotos
Protein - for Tyrosine
Se, Zn is the cofactor to convert T4 to T3
Fe is the cofactor for TPO
Mg bc deficiency is associated with Hypothyroid/helps with constipation
Vitamin D - Hashimoto’s for autoimmune disease
Antioxidants
______ should be avoided in Hashimoto’s.
Gluten
______ competes with iodine and may limit absorption if iodine is deficient.
Fluoride
Goitrogens like ___ and large amounts of uncooked cruciferous veggies can interfere with thyroid hormone production if person isn’t getting enough iodine.
Soy
_______ and ashwagandha can treat hypothyroidism by increasing iodine uptake by the thyroid, increasing TPO activity and antioxidants.
Guggulsterones
PCOS characteristics: increased _____ /testosterone levels, weight gain due to insulin resistance, reproductive issues, enlarged/cystic ovaries.
androgen
______ induces ovulation in PCOS and oral contraceptives help mensural irregularities in PCOS.
Clomid
______ is often prescribed for insulin resistance
Metformin
________ is used to reduce androgen levels in PCOS.
Spironolactone (also a diuretic, might cause elevated K levels)
MNT PCOS
Energy needs depend on wt goals
Diet to manage BG (insulin resistance)
Exercise to improve insulin sensitivity
PCOS supplementation
Vitamin D
N- acetylcysteine
Chromium
Vitamin B12
N- acetylcysteine is used to treat _____ in PCOS, its also anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant.
infertility
Vitamin D _______ are on immature eggs, which may help infertility in PCOS.
Receptors
Vitamin ___ should be used if using metformin because it can lead to deficiency.
B12
______ mimics insulin action to help regulate BG in PCOS.
Chromium
T/F: Adrenal insufficiency/Adrenal fatigue is an official diagnosis.
False
What occurs if the body has a decreased ability to respond to stress via the adrenal glands?
Adrenal insufficiency/Adrenal fatigue
Adrenal glands produce _____, norepinephrine and epinephrine in response to stress.
Cortisol
Adrenal dysfunction can lead to __________.
Hypothyroidism
Adrenal fatigue can lead to _______, fatigue, hair loss, hormone imbalance, decreased immunity/healing, inability to concentrate/cope with stress.
hypoglycemia - adrenal fatigue hampers the ability to release glucagon which regulates blood sugar levels
Adrenal fatigue treatment
B complex vitamin
Moderate exercise
Low glycemic foods to prevent drops in blood sugar/reactive hypoglycemia
Nutrient dense diet
Chamomile/Lavender
Probiotics to heal gut
Optimize sleep (helps hormones and stress)
Relaxation/Stress management
T/F: High intensity exercise is good for adrenal fatigue
False, moderate exercise because high intensity puts your body in fight or flight, raises BP, and is considered a stress on the body
TSH stimulates ____ to use iodine and tyrosine to make T4 and T3.
TPO
______ makes tyrosine needed for T4 and T3.
Protein
Se and _ are cofactors for the deiodinase enzyme that converts T4 to T3.
Zn
___ is the cofactor for TPO, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of T4 and T3.
Fe
___ deficiency is associated with hypothyroidism, it also helps with constipation symptoms.
Mg
Vitamin D is useful for ______ since it is an autoimmune disease.
Hashimoto’s
B Complex vitamins act as _____ for the enzymes needed to produce the adrenal hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol).
Coenzymes
Heavy menses, dry coarse hair, and skin, and weight gain are commonly associated with:
Hypothyroidism
One nutrient that is critically important for establishing immune balance and preventing the production of autoantibodies is:
Vitamin D, often not absorbed well in people with autoimmune disease
Weight loss is associated with:
Hyperthyroidism
Weight gain is associated with:
Hypothyroidism
Iron is the cofactor of ____ which produces T4 and T3.
TPO
Se and Zn are the cofactors for the ____ enzyme that converts T4 to T3
Deiodinase
TPO will be ____ in hypothyroidism.
High
