MNT Flashcards
Thiamine Deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- allcoholic liver disease
Diet for hepatic failure
If not comatose: 1-1.5 g pro/kg
30-35 kcal/kg
30-35% fat w MCT oil if needed
Adding BCAA and decreasing aromatic amino acids
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of gall bladder
Bile secreted from liver directly into intestine
Pancreatitis
Inflammation with edema
*premature activation of enzymes within pancreas leads to autodigestion
Acute pancreatitis
Put pancreas to rest-withhold all feeding,maintain hydration
Progress as tolerated to low fat diet
Elemental enteral nutrition into jejunum may be tolerated
Chronic pancreatitis
PERT- pancreatic enzymes orally with meals and snacks to minimize fat malabsorption from lack of pancreatic lipase
Parenteral B12 and antacids may be needed
To avoid pain: avoid large meals with fatty foods and alcohol
What is cystic fibrosis
Disease of exocrine glands- secretion of thick mucus that obstructs glands and ducts
Chronic pulmonary disease, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, high perspiration electrolyte levels, and malabsorption result
Treatment for cystic fibrosis
PERT with meals and snacks
High protein- 15-20% kcal –> malabsorption due to pancreatic deficiency
High kcal- 110-200% of normal needs
Unrestricted fat
Liberal in salt
Age appropriate doses of water soluble vitamins and minerals
Supplement water-soluble forms of fat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamin concern for cystic fibrosis
Vitamin a and e
Mostly a-poorly absorbed even with oral enzymes
Normal levels for:
LDL
Total cholesterol
HDL
40 (M) >50 (F)
Diet for atherosclerosis
Increase complex cho–> body converts cholesterol into bile; thus decreasing cholesterol levels
HTN
> 140 systolic- heart in contraction
90 diastolic- in relaxation
Obesity major factor in cause and treatment
Thiazide diuretics
May induce hypokalemia
DASH diet
Recommended for HTN
Whole grains, fruits and vegetable, low fat dairy, poultry and fish, moderate sodium, limit etoh, decrease sweets
Heart failure
Low na as needed (2-3 g) Dash diet, fluid restriction and needed
- 2 g pro stable
- 37 g pro depleted
High homocysteine levels
Independent risk factors for coronary heart disease
Proximal convoluted tubule
Major nutrient resorption
Loop of Henle
Water and sodium balance
Distal tubule
Acid base balance in kidneys
Vasopressin (ADH)
Hormone From hypothalamus
Elevates blood pressure
Renin
Hormone that acts as vasoconstrictor
Elevates blood pressure
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone stimulated by kidney stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC
Renal disease
Decreases globular filtration rate and creatinine clearance (Urine tests)
Increases serum creatinine and BUN (blood test)
Renal solute load
Solutes exerted in 1 L urine
*mainly measures nitrogen (60%) and sodium