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RD exam Domain 2 > MNT > Flashcards

MNT Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcer treatment

A

treat with antacids, antibiotics. normally caused by H.pylori

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2
Q

Ulcer Diet

A

As tolerated. Well balanced. avoid late night snacks, omit gastric irritants

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3
Q

What is a hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of a portion of the stomach above the diaphragm into the chest

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4
Q

Hiatal Hernia diet

A

small, bland feedings, avoid late night snacks, caffeine, chili powder, black pepper

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5
Q

Reactive or alimentary hypoglycemia

A

blood sugar rises, stimulating an overproduction of insulin causing a drop in blood sugar below fasting

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6
Q

Gastroparesis

A

small frequent meals, pureed foods, avoid high fiber, avoid high fat. liquid fat may be better tolerated. avoid caffeine, mint, alcohol and carbonation

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7
Q

What is a Tropical Sprue

A

bacterial, viral, parasitic infection

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8
Q

Symptoms of a tropical sprue

A

diarrhea, malnutrition, deficiencies of b12, and folate due to decreased HCL and instrinsic factor

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9
Q

How to treat a tropical sprue

A

antibiotics, high calorie, high protein, IM b12, oral folate supplements

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10
Q

Gastritis diet

A

inflammation of the stomach
clear liquids and advance as tolerated. avoid gastric irritants

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11
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

inflammation in the colon/large intestine
ulcers penetrated the inner lining of the abdomen only bleeding common during bowel movements.
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. antidiarrheal agents may be needed. elemental diet may be needed.
energy needs according to BMI. protein at each meal. MV. high fiber to stimulate peristalsis when flare up is under control

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12
Q

Crohns disease

A

anywhere in the GI tract. patches of inflammation. typically in the lower right abdomen. Ulcers penetrate the entire thickness of the abdominal lining. bowel rest and parenteral nutrition. Energy needs according to BMI. limit fat only if steatorrhea. protein at each meal. MV

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13
Q

Short bowel syndrome

A

consequence with significant resections of the small intestine. Malabsorption, malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte imbalances and weight loss can occur.

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14
Q

Jejunal resection

A

ileum can adapt and take over jejunal functions

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15
Q

Ileal resection

A

major complications with absorption

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16
Q

short bowel syndrome treatment

A

drink at least 1 liter more than their ostomy output daily. when ileum cant recycle bile salts, lipids are not emulsified, which leads to malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins. increased fluid and electrolyte secretion

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17
Q

Acute viral hepatitis

A

inflammation, necrosis, jaundice, anorexia, nausea, fatigue. jaundice occurs when bile ducts are blocked.

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18
Q

acute viral hepatitis treatment

A

increase fluids to prevent dehydration.
50-55% CHO to replenish liver glycogen and spare protein.
small frequent feedings

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19
Q

Cirrhosis

A

scarring of liver. blood flow is disrupted. protein deficiencies lead to ascites, fatty liver. impaired blood clotting.
hepatic steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis

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20
Q

Cirrhosis diet

A

adequate to high protein .8-1.2g/kg
high calorie 25-35
moderate to low fat
low fiber if varicies are present low sodium if edema is present.
with hyponatremia=fluid restriction

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21
Q

alcoholic liver disease

A

liver injury due to alcohol and metabolic derangements.

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22
Q

alcoholic liver disease diet

A

supplement thamin and folic acid. increased need for b vitamins to metabolize alochol
increased need for magnesisum

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23
Q

Hepatic failure (ESLD)

A

liver function decreased to 25% or less.
liver cant convert ammonia into urea so it accumulates.

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24
Q

Hepatic failure (ESLD) treatment

A

moderate to high levels of protein. 30-35 calories
30-35 calories as fat with MCT if needed
low sodium if ascites
adding BCAA adds calories and proteins.

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25
Q

NAFLD

A

steatosis, more common with BMI >35. type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome. excess fat buildup in liver.

26
Q

NAFLD treatment

A

managed with lifestyle changes, weight loss. Med diet, moderate alcohol, avoid sugar sweetened beverages. coffee may help.

27
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH from hypothalamus stored in pituitary exerts pressor effect and elevates blood pressure. increases water reabsorption from distal collecting tubules.

28
Q

Renin

A

vasocontrictor secreted by glomerulus when blood volume decreases. stimulates aldosterone to increase sodium absorption and return blood pressure to normal

29
Q

Erythropoietin- EPO

A

produced by kidney, stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC

30
Q

low oxalate food

A

dark green leafy veg, chocolate, strawberries, nuts, beets, tea

31
Q

to prevent acidic stones

A

create an alkaline ash by adding vegetables, fruits, brown sugar

32
Q

to prevent alkaline stones

A

create an acid ash by adding meat, fish, eggs, shellfish, cheese, corn, oats, rye

33
Q

AKI

A

sudden shut down with previously adequate capacity. decreased GFR. due to burns, accidents, obstruction, severe dehydration.
symptoms include oliguira, azotemia.

34
Q

AKI diet

A

1-1.3g/kg protein if non catabolic without dialysis as GFR returns to normal
1.2-1.5g/kg if catabolic or with dialysis
25-40 cals/kg
low sodium 2-3g replaced loses in diuretic phase
8-15 mg phos
2-3g potassium

35
Q

Nephrosis

A

nephrotic syndrome
albuminuria, edema, malnutrition, hyperlipidemia
excess protein will be catabolized to urea and excreted .

36
Q

nephrosis diet

A

.8-1g/kg protein
<30% fat, low saturated fat, 200 mg cholesterol
35 calories/kg/day
modest sodium restriction
may need fluid restriction with edema

37
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

body does not make enough insulin. diagnosed at a young age.
increased thirst
weight loss, fruity breath, blurred vision
there is no way to prevent
insulin injections, blood sugar checks, healthy eating

38
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

the body cant use insulin properly.
diagnosed later in life
increased thirst
weight loss
fatigue
blurred vision
frequent infections
most cases can be prevented
healthy eating and meal planning, increased physical activity

39
Q

normal blood glucose

A

70-100

40
Q

impaired fasting glucose

A

100-125

41
Q

impaired glucose tolerance

A

2hPH 140-199

42
Q

diabetes-fasting plasma glucose

A

> 126

43
Q

diabetes-glucose tolerance test

A

> 200

44
Q

symptoms of diabetes: plasma glucose

A

> 200

45
Q

hgA1C

A

<6.5%

46
Q

homocystinuria

A

treatable inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism. associated with low levels of folate, b6,b12
increase dosage of folate, pyridoxine and b12
if that doesnt work, low protein, low methionine diet

47
Q

osteoclasts

A

resorb and remove bone

48
Q

osteoblasts

A

reform bone

49
Q

osteoporosis

A

hormone replacement therapy, weight bearing exercise. Vitamin D and calcium supplements. Adequate protein, moderate to low sodium. 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

50
Q

Allergies

A

ag-ab reaction occurs when antigen enters the body, antibodies react.
immunoglobulin E mediated reaction to normally harmless food protein.
food intolerance (non-igE) abnormal physiological response, GI, cutaneous, respiratory symptoms but no antibody production.

51
Q

critical care and hypermetabolic states

A

goal is to improve outcomes regarding infection rates, days in critical care units, days on ventilator. minimize catabolic loss of body protein. initiate nutrition support within 24-48 hours. avoid overfeeding

52
Q

Neoplastic disease

A

protein calorie malnutrition, malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

53
Q

Thrush

A

avoid spicy foods, acidic foods, strongly flavored foods, provide bland liquids, soft foods or chilled or frozen foods

54
Q

IDDSI level 7

A

black
regular diet

55
Q

IDDSI level 6

A

blue
soft and bite sized

56
Q

IDDSI level 5

A

orange
minced and mosit

57
Q

IDDSI level 4

A

green
purred
extremely thick

58
Q

IDDSI level 3

A

yellow
liquid
moderately thick

59
Q

IDDSI level 2

A

Pink
midly thick liquid

60
Q

IDDSI level 1

A

grey
slightly thick

61
Q

IDDSI level 0

A

white
thin

62
Q
A

RD exam Domain 2 (1 decks)

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